Microwave apparatus for testing breast integrity based on Huygens principle: clinical validation on 16 subjects

Sani, Lorenzo; Paoli, Martina; Raspa, Giovanni; Vispa, Alessandro; Ghavami, Navid; Tiberi, Gianluigi; Saracini, Andrea; S, Ercolani; Vannini, Eleonora; Duranti, Michele

doi:10.1049/cp.2017.0302

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…When ideal skin suppression is used, as displayed in Figure 3a, no beamformer has a practical sensitivity. If adipose and fibroglandular reference subtraction is performed, the beamformers have improved performance that is within the range of reported sensitivity estimates in the literature (74-100% in [8,9,[32][33][34][35][36][37]). The specificity of the DAS and DMAS beamformers was observed to be worse than a random classifier acting on images of healthy breasts.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The other study estimated the specificity to be 20% and estimated the specificity using five phantoms [32]. Neither estimates were promising, and while the sensitivity of BMS has been estimated in several publications and has been reported to be between 74% and 100% [8,9,[32][33][34][35][36][37], insufficient attention has been awarded to the specificity of the modality, which must be considered in tandem with the sensitivity.…”

Section: The Diagnostic Performance Of Das Dmas and Orrmentioning

confidence: 98%

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An Optimization-Based Approach to Radar Image Reconstruction in Breast Microwave Sensing

Reimer

Pistorius

2021

Sensors

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Breast microwave sensing (BMS) has been studied as a potential technique for cancer detection due to the observed microwave properties of malignant and healthy breast tissues. This work presents a novel radar-based image reconstruction algorithm for use in BMS that reframes the radar image reconstruction process as an optimization problem. A gradient descent optimizer was used to create an optimization-based radar reconstruction (ORR) algorithm. Two hundred scans of MRI-derived breast phantoms were performed with a preclinical BMS system. These scans were reconstructed using the ORR, delay-and-sum (DAS), and delay-multiply-and-sum (DMAS) beamformers. The ORR was observed to improve both sensitivity and specificity compared to DAS and DMAS. The estimated sensitivity and specificity of the DAS beamformer were 19% and 44%, respectively, while for ORR, they were 27% and 56%, representing a relative increase of 42% and 27%. The DAS reconstructions also exhibited a hot-spot image artifact, where a localized region of high intensity that did not correspond to any physical phantom feature would be present in an image. This artifact appeared like a tumour response within the image and contributed to the lower specificity of the DAS beamformer. This artifact was not observed in the ORR reconstructions. This work demonstrates the potential of an optimization-based conceptualization of the radar image reconstruction problem in BMS. The ORR algorithm implemented in this work showed improved diagnostic performance and fewer image artifacts compared to the widely employed DAS algorithm.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: The Diagnostic Performance Of Das Dmas and Orrmentioning

confidence: 98%

An Optimization-Based Approach to Radar Image Reconstruction in Breast Microwave Sensing

Reimer

Pistorius

2021

Sensors

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“…Besides, there are few different techniques to construct images from the breast tissue, such as microwave tomography and ultrawideband (UWB) radar. Some of the microwave breast screening methods have been patented [12]- [13] and achieved clinical trial stage [14]- [16]. However, all of these solutions are of large size and targeted for hospital use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer Detection Feasibility with UWB Flexible Antennas on Wearable Monitoring Vest

Särestöniemi

Reponen

Sonkki

et al. 2022

2022 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops and Other Affiliated Events (PerCom Work

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This paper presents a study on a monitoring vest embedded with multiple flexible ultrawideband (UWB) antenna elements used for detection of possible breast cancer tissue. The cancer detection is based on identifying differences in the UWB radio channel characteristics between several on-body antennas located around the breast. The antennas are small-sized, made of flexible material, operating at whole UWB band as well as in the ISM 2.4 GHz band, thus can be used in portable telemedicine applications. Additionally, the paper presents realistic simulation results on the impact of the cancer tissue on the signal propagation and channel characteristics at different frequency ranges using an anatomical voxel model. The simulations are carried out using electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio Suite, including power flow analysis and radio channel evaluations. The results show that, such as, tumor of size 1 cm causes a clear difference in a signal propagation through a breast tissue, which can be seen in a power flow variation in the vicinity of the cancerous area. This can be also seen both in frequency and time domain channel characteristics between different on-body antennas. The promising results show that flexible UWB antenna vest could be developed for selfmonitoring of breast health and initial detection of breast cancers.

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“…For example, a small, dense breast may have a smaller SMR/MMR than a large, low-density breast with a single fibroglandular inclusion located relatively superficially. In addition to these dependencies on factors unrelated to tumour presence (breast size, imaging domain size), the authors of [132] also identified that the metric fails in the case of a large lesion. In describing an individual patient with a 4 cm carcinoma, the researchers stated, "The extremely large size of such carcinoma leads to a low Max/Avg" [132], indicating that the interpretation of this metric must account for other factors, including the lesion size, which may not be known a priori.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This definition was referred to as the "S/C ratio" in [198]. The "S/C ratio" was also used in [131,132], but in these studies, it referred to the ratio of the maximum pixel intensity to the average pixel intensity. The SCR has also been defined in [11] as the ratio of the mean pixel intensity within a target region of interest (ROI) to the mean pixel intensity outside the ROI.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and Analysis of Tumour Detection and Image Quality Analysis in Experimental Breast Microwave Sensing

Reimer

Pistorius

2023

Sensors

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This review evaluates the methods used for image quality analysis and tumour detection in experimental breast microwave sensing (BMS), a developing technology being investigated for breast cancer detection. This article examines the methods used for image quality analysis and the estimated diagnostic performance of BMS for image-based and machine-learning tumour detection approaches. The majority of image analysis performed in BMS has been qualitative and existing quantitative image quality metrics aim to describe image contrast—other aspects of image quality have not been addressed. Image-based diagnostic sensitivities between 63 and 100% have been achieved in eleven trials, but only four articles have estimated the specificity of BMS. The estimates range from 20 to 65%, and do not demonstrate the clinical utility of the modality. Despite over two decades of research in BMS, significant challenges remain that limit the development of this modality as a clinical tool. The BMS community should utilize consistent image quality metric definitions and include image resolution, noise, and artifacts in their analyses. Future work should include more robust metrics, estimates of the diagnostic specificity of the modality, and machine-learning applications should be used with more diverse datasets and with robust methodologies to further enhance BMS as a viable clinical technique.

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Microwave apparatus for testing breast integrity based on Huygens principle: clinical validation on 16 subjects

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

An Optimization-Based Approach to Radar Image Reconstruction in Breast Microwave Sensing

An Optimization-Based Approach to Radar Image Reconstruction in Breast Microwave Sensing

Breast Cancer Detection Feasibility with UWB Flexible Antennas on Wearable Monitoring Vest

Review and Analysis of Tumour Detection and Image Quality Analysis in Experimental Breast Microwave Sensing

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