Microwave-Assisted Alkali Pre-Treatment, Densification and Enzymatic Saccharification of Canola Straw and Oat Hull

Agu, Obiora S.; Tabil, Lope G.; Dumonceaux, Tim J.

doi:10.3390/bioengineering4020025

Cited by 41 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Specifically, experimental run#2 (900 W, 15 min, 5% w/v) achieved the lowest solid and glucan recovery but highest lignin removal, while run#4 (300 W, 5 min, 5% w/v) achieved the highest solid and glucan recovery but lowest lignin removal. The results indicated that microwave power and irradiation time significantly impacted the degradation of lignin and glucan, consistent with Agu, Tabil, and Dumonceaux (), Akhtar, Goyal, and Goyal (), Boonsombuti, Luengnaruemitchai, and Wongkasemjit () and Nomanbhay et al (),…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Optimization of microwave‐assisted alkali pretreatment of cassava rhizome for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis glucose yield

Sombatpraiwan

Junyusen

Treeamnak

et al. 2019

Food and Energy Security

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This research establishes the optimal microwave‐assisted alkali pretreatment (MAP) condition of cassava rhizome (CR) using response surface methodology with Box–Behnken design for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis glucose yield. The pretreatment parameters included microwave power (300–900 W), irradiation time (5–15 min), and NaOH concentration (3%–7% w/v); and the enzymatic hydrolysis was 24 and 48 hr. Quadratic models were generated and statistical analysis performed to validate the adequacy of the models. The results indicated that the optimal MAP condition was 840 W microwave power, 9 min irradiation time, and 3% w/v NaOH concentration. Under the optimal condition, the predicted and experimental glucose yields were 15.39 and 15.82 g/100 g native cassava rhizome (NCR) for 24 hr hydrolysis, and 16.40 and 16.95 g/100 g NCR for 48 hr hydrolysis, indicating good agreement. In addition, this study examined the effect of MAP on the physical characteristics and morphology of NCR and pretreated CR. The results showed significant structural changes in pretreated CR, indicating that MAP enhanced enzymatic accessibility and glucose yield.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Optimization of microwave‐assisted alkali pretreatment of cassava rhizome for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis glucose yield

Sombatpraiwan

Junyusen

Treeamnak

et al. 2019

Food and Energy Security

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“…The sugar production cost was highly sensitive to changes in fungal pretreatment time, glucose yield, and bulk density ( Figure 6 [87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99]). Variations in the fungal pretreatment time between 7 and 60 days, which are the minimum and maximum values reported in the fungal pretreatment literature used as a data source (Section 2.1.1), produced the greatest change on the sugar production cost for perennial grasses, corn stover, and agricultural residues ( Figure 6).…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assuming a higher bulk density reduced the volume of the equipment needed throughout the facility, hence decreasing the sugar production cost. For example, in the case of chopped agricultural residues, the bulk density of wheat straw has been reported around 50-100 kg/m 3 [62,95], while canola straw has shown a bulk density of around 140-160 kg/m 3 [94]. Assuming the bulk density in the higher range for agricultural residues decreased the sugar production cost by 11%, while assuming the bulk density in the lower range increased the sugar production cost from 2.0 to 3.1 $/kg ( Figure 6C).…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic Bottlenecks of the Fungal Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass

Vasco‐Correa

Shah

2019

Fermentation

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Fungal pretreatment is a biological process that uses rotting fungi to reduce the recalcitrance and enhance the enzymatic digestibility of lignocellulosic feedstocks at low temperature, without added chemicals and wastewater generation. Thus, it has been presumed to be low cost. However, fungal pretreatment requires longer incubation times and generates lower yields than traditional pretreatments. Thus, this study assesses the techno-economic feasibility of a fungal pretreatment facility for the production of fermentable sugars for a 75,700 m 3 (20 million gallons) per year cellulosic bioethanol plant. Four feedstocks were evaluated: perennial grasses, corn stover, agricultural residues other than corn stover, and hardwood. The lowest estimated sugars production cost ($1.6/kg) was obtained from corn stover, and was 4-15 times as much as previous estimates for conventional pretreatment technologies. The facility-related cost was the major contributor (46-51%) to the sugar production cost, mainly because of the requirement of large equipment in high quantities, due to process bottlenecks such as low sugar yields, low feedstock bulk density, long fungal pretreatment times, and sterilization requirements. At the current state of the technology, fungal pretreatment at biorefinery scale does not appear to be economically feasible, and considerable process improvements are still required to achieve product cost targets.Fermentation 2019, 5, 30 2 of 23 of water [5]. Additionally, most commercially available pretreatments, such as dilute acid and liquid hot water pretreatment, require an additional detoxification step, because their severe conditions promote the generation of compounds derived from lignocellulose, such as furans, weak acids and aromatic compounds, which could inhibit fermentative microorganisms, such as yeast and bacteria [6].A series of alternative methods have been proposed to reduce the severity of the conditions required for biomass fractionation and pretreatment. Use of extrusion, microwaves, ultrasound, or pulse electric field has shown to improve the biomass pretreatment process and allowed for the use of milder pretreatment conditions [7]. Biomass pretreatment with aqueous organic solvents (organosolv) [8,9], ozone (ozonolysis) [10], ionic liquids [11,12], or deep eutectic solvents [13] has shown promising results in biomass fractionation [14,15]. However, concerns about the costs, handling, and recovery of the chemicals present limitations in their large-scale applicability [14,16].Fungal pretreatment is as an alternative to conventional pretreatments that is performed at 25-30 • C, atmospheric pressure, in solid-state with low water use, and without added chemicals that can be corrosive and would need disposal or recovery [17]. Fungal pretreatment is generally performed using wood-rotting fungi, such as white-, brown-, or soft-rot fungi, due to their ability to modify the components of the lignocellulosic biomass. Brown-rot fungi mainly degrade cellulose and hemicellulose, with little modificati...

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“…Agricultural and forest residues as well as industrial and municipal solid wastes are made up of lignocellulosic components [2]. They are environmentally friendly with a carbon-neutral footprint when converted to renewable energy, compared to fossil energy sources such as crude oil, coal, and natural gas [3]. Lignocellulose biomass consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An effective pretreatment technique is needed to liberate the cellulose from lignin, reduce cellulose crystallinity, and increase cellulose porosity [11]. Various pretreatment methods have been developed according to different research studies [3], but the choice of pretreatment technique for a raw material/feedstock is influenced by many factors. These include sugar recovery yield, low moisture content effectiveness, lignin recovery, required particle size, and low energy demand [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pretreatment of Crop Residues by Application of Microwave Heating and Alkaline Solution for Biofuel Processing: A Review

Agu¹,

Tabil²,

Meda³

et al. 2019

Renewable Resources and Biorefineries

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The effect of microwave-assisted alkaline pretreatments and enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic agricultural crop residues are reviewed. Pretreatment is a major step for the efficient and effective biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuel. Microwave-assisted alkali pretreatment is one of the promising techniques used in the bioconversion of biomass into useful energy product. The advantages of microwave heating coupled with alkaline pretreatment include reduction of the process energy requirement, rapid and super heating, and low toxic compound formation. This chapter reviews recent microwave-assisted alkali pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification techniques on different agricultural residues highlighting lignocellulosic biomass treatments and reducing sugar yields, and recovery. In addition, compiled up-to-date research studies, development efforts and research findings related to microwave-assisted alkali, and enzymatic hydrolysis are provided.

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Microwave-Assisted Alkali Pre-Treatment, Densification and Enzymatic Saccharification of Canola Straw and Oat Hull

Cited by 41 publications

References 50 publications

Optimization of microwave‐assisted alkali pretreatment of cassava rhizome for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis glucose yield

Optimization of microwave‐assisted alkali pretreatment of cassava rhizome for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis glucose yield

Techno-Economic Bottlenecks of the Fungal Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass

Pretreatment of Crop Residues by Application of Microwave Heating and Alkaline Solution for Biofuel Processing: A Review

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