Microwave-assisted and conventional hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic waste material: Comparison of the chemical and structural properties of the hydrochars

Elaigwu, Sunday E.; Greenway, Gillian M.

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2015.12.013

Cited by 112 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This may explain the yield observed from all substrates, although slight differences in solid loading must be noted (see Table 2). The range of char (yield) recovered in the present study was similar to that reported in other studies (15,16,20), which all involved microwave as the heating source, although with different feedstocks and pre-treatments. More than 50% conversion efficiency of biowaste to solid chars from the M-HTC process is feasible using 180°C as a benchmark.…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

“…it is viable to process/treat biowaste and recover valuable end products using this process (14)(15)(16).…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cellulose, fructose and glucose) (15,17,18) and more complex waste streams such as sewage sludge (14), seafood waste (19), pine sawdust (15), sugarcane bagasse (20), and other lignocellulose waste materials (16,21,22). Water, which constitutes up to 95% w/w in HBW, can interact with microwaves, with this electromagnetic interaction causing dielectric heating (12).…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventional HTC process can also be used to process biowaste. When compared, studies have reported that the M-HTC process promotes faster processing time, due to rapid volumetric heating; facilitates higher processing rates, due to relatively lower residence time; improves dewaterability and most importantly consumes less energy (about half the energy required for conventional HTC process) to convert biomass materials to valuable products (16,23,24). Hence, using the M-HTC process could potentially improve overall biowaste-processing efficiency.…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of solid fuel chars recovered from microwave hydrothermal carbonization of human biowaste

Afolabi

Sohail

Thomas

2017

Energy

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Highlights-Microwave hydrothermal carbonization can convert human biowaste to solid fuel chars -Physicochemical, structural, energetic and combustion properties of chars are enhanced -Higher heating value (HHV) of chars recovered increased by up to 41.5%-HHV of chars -up to 25.6MJ/kg -is greater than that of low-ranking coals/fuels -Processing human biowaste into solid fuel is promising for energy applications M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT KeywordsFaecal biomass, microwave, hydrothermal carbonization, chars, sanitation, renewable energy IntroductionTwo of the key issues facing more than 2 billion people in developing countries are poor sanitation and energy scarcity. Having missed the Millennium Development Goals' targets by wide margins, achieving access to adequate and equitable sanitation, ending open defecation/untreated faecal wastewater and increasing the share of affordable, renewable clean energy by 2030 now constitute the key targets of the recently adopted Sustainable Development Goals 6 and 7 (1). Annually, an estimated one billion tons of faecal wastewater is generated (2) and as much as 90% of this is discharged untreated (3, 4). Open defecation is still practised by almost one billion people, and about 2.4 billion people still lack access to improved sanitation (5). The consequences of poor sanitation are pervasive. Open defecation fields (which serve as breeding sites for insects, vectors/disease pathogens), odour nuisance, exposure to human faecal biowaste (HBW) during manual pit emptying and the indiscriminate disposal of this waste intosurface water, open drains, near slums and other fragile settlements constitute serious public health and environmental risks. Faecal contamination of drinking water resources is primarily responsible for the high infant mortality rates due to waterborne diseases such as diarrhoea, which kills 700,000 children per year (6). Aside the environmental and health impacts, experts estimate that lack of access to sanitation cost the global economy US$223 billion in 2015 -based on an economic valuation of the costs associated with premature death and loss in productivity, the healthcare costs of the sick and time forgone due to lack of access to improved sanitation (7).In common with poor sanitation, energy scarcity affects the least well off; an estimated 90% of people in developing economies lack access to reliable energy supplies (8). More than two billion people rely on firewood, charcoal and other related forest biomass to meet...

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supporting

confidence: 88%

“…it is viable to process/treat biowaste and recover valuable end products using this process (14)(15)(16).…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Characterization of solid fuel chars recovered from microwave hydrothermal carbonization of human biowaste

Afolabi

Sohail

Thomas

2017

Energy

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“…13 C solid state NMR analysis is usually used as a complementary technique to FT-IR analysis in describing the level of conversion during hydrothermal carbonization process [24]. The 13 C solid state NMR spectrum of the hydrochar prepared at 200°C for 45 min shown in Fig.…”

Section: Nmr Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical, structural and energy properties of hydrochars from microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of glucose

Elaigwu

Greenway

2016

Int J Ind Chem

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Hydrothermal carbonization has been used as a green and effective technique for the preparation of hydrochars from simple carbohydrates, such as glucose. The chemical and structural properties of hydrochars prepared from glucose have been studied. However, the energy properties of hydrochars prepared from microwaveassisted hydrothermal carbonization of glucose have not been studied. Thus, in this study, microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of glucose, and the energy properties of the prepared hydrochars are reported. The preparation involved heating glucose in de-ionized water at 200°C for 5-60 min in a microwave oven. The prepared hydrochars were characterized using scanning electron microscope, nitrogen sorption measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental (CHN) analyzer, and nuclear magnetic resonance, and their energy properties studied. The result indicated that, in comparison with previous studies using the classical hydrothermal carbonization process, this approach reduced the processing time greatly from hours to 45 min, while the increase in higher heating value of the hydrochar when compared to that of the starting material was higher in this study than some value previously reported.

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Green Power: The Role of Plant‐Based Biochar in Advanced Energy Storage

Simon,

Harikumar,

Sreeja

2024

ChemPhysChem

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This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of recent progress in utilizing plant‐based biochar for supercapacitors. It specifically focuses on biochar derived from plant biomass such as agricultural residues, weeds and aquatic plants, examining their potential in energy storage applications. It explores various synthesis methods like pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization and evaluates their impact on biochar's structure and electrochemical properties. Additionally, it examines the electrochemical performance of biochar‐based supercapacitors, focusing on parameters such as capacitance, cycling stability, and rate capability. Strategies to enhance biochar's electrochemical performance, such as surface modification and composite fabrication, are also discussed. Furthermore, it addresses existing challenges and prospects in harnessing plant‐based biochar for supercapacitor applications, highlighting its potential as a sustainable and efficient electrode material for next‐generation energy storage devices.

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Microwave-assisted and conventional hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic waste material: Comparison of the chemical and structural properties of the hydrochars

Cited by 112 publications

References 45 publications

Characterization of solid fuel chars recovered from microwave hydrothermal carbonization of human biowaste

Characterization of solid fuel chars recovered from microwave hydrothermal carbonization of human biowaste

Chemical, structural and energy properties of hydrochars from microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of glucose

Green Power: The Role of Plant‐Based Biochar in Advanced Energy Storage

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