Microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous extraction and determination of four flavonoids in Crotalaria sessiliflora L.

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Natural Antioxidants from the Exotic Gordonia axillaris Fruit: Optimization and Identification of Phenolic Compounds

“…A possible reason is that when the S/M ratio reached 20 mL/g, the mass transfer process reached its maximum. Similar results were reported in the studies on extraction of polysaccharides from Gentiana scabra [ 42 ] and extraction of flavonoids from Crotalaria sessiliflora [ 29 ]. Thus, a S/M ratio of 20 mL/g was selected in the subsequent experiments.…”

“…Besides, it has also been found that MAE is compatible with water as an extraction solvent so that the use of organic solvents is reduced/eliminated, and more medium- and non-polar organic compounds from plant materials could also be extracted by MAE [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Moreover, MAE as a sample preparation method could be coupled with some chromatography and spectroscopy tools, such as HPLC and GC-MS, to achieve rapid determination with satisfactory precision and recovery [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Therefore, MAE has been used in the extraction of several bioactive components from natural products [ 31 , 32 ].…”

A critical analysis of extraction techniques used for botanicals: Trends, priorities, industrial uses and optimization strategies

“…Xie et al [77] reported a novel use for MAE for the extraction of flavonoids (especially vitexin and isovitexin) from Crotalaria sessiliflora, a leguminous plant used in Chinese medicine for the treatment of many types of cancer and cardiovascular diseases [77]. They combined MAE with another emergent technology, aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE), a method that allows the separation of target constituents and impurities with biphasic extraction and high selectivity [77]. MAE coupled with HPLC provides a one-step process for simultaneous extraction and purification of molecules of interest.…”

“…MAE coupled with HPLC provides a one-step process for simultaneous extraction and purification of molecules of interest. Due to high water content, this method results in an increase in extraction yield (355.3 μg/g for vitexin and 235.9 for isovitexin μg/g) and recovery (94.14%-105.5%), and a lower environmental impact [77]. In the year 2017, the same research group developed a different method of flavonoid extraction from C. sessiliflora, combining MAE with cloud-point extraction, a novel extraction technique which splits plant extract constituents beyond their cloud-point temperature by the effects of a non-ionic surfactant.…”

Ultra‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Hyphenated with Quadrupole‐Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry for Simultaneous Determination of Necine‐Core‐Structure Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Crotalaria sessiliflora L. without all Corresponding Standards

“…ex Benth., Purpleflower Crotalaria, etc. Its active constituents include alkaloids and flavonoids (Yoo et al , ; Zhu et al , ; Xie et al , ). Especially, monocrotaline as a main alkaloid (Huang 1980; Li et al , ; Li et al , ), has been proven to have clinic curative effect on cancer such as cutaneum carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, leukaemia, etc.…”