Microwave‐assisted catalytic transfer hydrogenation of fatty acid methyl esters using metal‐doped nickel‐boride ‐ cetyltrimethylammonium bromide amorphous alloy catalyst

Abstract

Modified nickel-boride (Ni-B)-based amorphous alloy catalysts used for microwave-assisted catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) had been synthesized via chemical reduction method by adding simultaneously cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and various transition metals. The results suggested that Cr-doped Ni-B-CTAB catalyst showed superior catalytic activity. It was found that Ni-Cr-B-CTAB catalyst remained an amorphous structure and had a smaller particle size with less agglomeration as compared with Ni-B catalyst. What's more, the specific surface area of the catalyst increased obviously with the addition of CTAB and Cr into Ni-B catalyst. Under the established optimum conditions of CTH using Ni-Cr-B-CTAB as a catalyst, the conversion ratio of methyl linoleate reached 78.05% and the properties of hydrogenated FAMEs were improved obviously. This work has provided a feasible approach to prepare a new and efficient Ni-Cr-B-CTAB amorphous alloy catalyst for the CTH of FAMEs and thus to obtained the high-quality hydrogenated FAMEs.

A Review on Metal–Organic Framework as a Promising Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

“…Additionally, the catalyst could be reused for up to 6 cycles with the active components maintained . Indeed, with increasing microwave time, lipid components could be fully released from microalgae. , Simultaneously, microwaves also improved the transesterification process due to their thermal and nonthermal effects . Due to this reason, the collision efficiency of oil/alcohol phases could be enhanced owing to the synergistic effects of catalytic reactions and thermal/nonthermal impacts, thereby increasing the reaction rate and obtaining higher biodiesel yield.…”

Partial Hydrogenation of Soybean and Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel over Recyclable-Polymer-Supported Pd and Ni Nanoparticles

“…As mentioned in the previous paragraph, both Pd-and Ni-based catalysts were prepared by co-polymerizing the metal containing monomers M(AAEMA)2 (AAEMA − = deprotonated form of 2-(acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate; M = Pd, Ni) with suitable comonomers (ethyl methacrylate (EMA) for Pd and N,N-dimethylacrilamide (DMA) for Ni) and cross-linkers (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) for Pd and N,N'-methylene bis-acrylamide (MBAA) for Ni; Scheme 2), thus obtaining porous amphiphilic resins supporting homogeneously dispersed M(II) centers (Pd(II)-pol and Ni(II)-pol) [30]. In recent years, many studies on upgrading FAMEs have been reported [11,12], most of them being catalytic hydrogenation [13,14] or transfer hydrogenation systems [15,16], based on metals such as Ni [17][18][19], Pd [20][21][22], Pt [23], or Ir [24]. However, it should be underlined that WCO feedstocks contain several unwanted species, such as free fatty acids (FFAs) and water (not present in fresh vegetable oils), posing serious concerns for the stability of the catalytic systems used for upgrading biofuels [3].…”

“…Ni/C did not show an impressive catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of FAMEs derived from palm oil under 6 bar dihydrogen, at 120 • C for 2.5 h, as C18:3 and C18:2 amounts passed from 0.23% and 0.28%, respectively, in the pristine blend to 0.14% and 0.10% in the hydrogenated one, while C18:1 increased from 38.63%.to 39.81% after the reaction [43]. However, Ni-based nanomaterials are promising catalysts for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of FAMEs using isopropanol, glycerol, and so on, as hydrogen donors [15,19].…”