Microwave‐Assisted Chemical Reactions

Nüchter, Matthias; Müller, Ute; Ondruschka, Bernd; Tied, Antje; Lautenschläger, Werner

doi:10.1002/ceat.200301836

Cited by 141 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Studies have shown that the pretreatments performed at high temperature have given successful results, in increasing the hydrolysis rate and product yields, while decreasing the residence time and reagent or chemical concentration required [2], [59], [86], [87]. This temperature increment may be performed by conventional heating or by using microwave radiation, which has some advantages over the conventional heating like, superficial heat transfer, no direct contact of heating source and material, providing a volumetric and rapid heat and selective heating of more polar part and creating a hot spot with inhomogeneous materials [2], [16], [19], [41], [46], [70], [103]. Figure-3 shows a comparative analysis between conventional heating and microwave heating [100].…”

Section: Microwave Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Individual and Combined Pre-Treatments on Lignocellulosic Biomasses

Laghari¹

2014

IOSRJEN

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-Lignocellulosic Biomass is considered to be the best option for biofuels production, due to the energy and food security concerns comparative to the use of other wastes, but this biomass has limited digestibility due to many factors like particle size, crystallinity of cellulose, lignin content etc. Pre-treatments enhance the digestibility by reducing the effect of these factors. Different pretreatment types exist, but now microwave pretreatment (individual or combined with other pretreatments) is becoming common due to its better results. This paper reviews the advantages of using lignocellulosic biomass in terms of the biofuels obtained from it, common pretreatments applied on it, and the effects of microwave pretreatments (individual and combined) over it.

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Section: Microwave Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Individual and Combined Pre-Treatments on Lignocellulosic Biomasses

Laghari¹

2014

IOSRJEN

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“…It was determined from an extensive series of energy efficiency assessments of microwave-assisted syntheses that no immediate increase in efficiency compared to conventional reactions was observed [23].…”

Section: Power Input Power Measurement and Data From Manufacturersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution to the Qualification of Technical Microwave Systems and to the Validation of Microwave‐Assisted Reactions and Processes

et al. 2005

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New insights into the energy efficiency of reactions in a microwave field and the development of a concept to transfer thermally heated reactions to microwave-assisted reactions are reported utilizing commercial modular microwave systems. Particularly, questions on the qualification of technical microwave systems and their measurement and monitoring technology as well as on the validation of chemical reactions and processes are discussed. For that purpose, some technical microwave systems of different manufacturers were tested. The applicability for the implementation of chemical reactions and processes was determined. Conversions and yields of some reactions were compared by the dependence of irradiation modus, temperature and temperature measurement method.

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“…We thus opted to evaluate their application to BSG, due to their relative simplicity, and hence cost-effectiveness. Microwave irradiation (dielectric heating) offers an alternative method for the rapid and controlled generation of heat within materials [24,25], to stimulate hydrothermal reaction conditions. It has also been speculated that rapid internal heating of water distributed throughout a lignocellulosic material could help to disrupt that structure effectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimising the (Microwave) Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Brewers Spent Grains for Bioethanol Production

2015

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For the production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass, it is important to optimise the thermochemical pretreatment which is required to facilitate subsequent liberation of monomeric sugars. Here, we report optimisation of pretreatment conditions for brewers spent grains (BSG) with the main objectives of (1) working at commercially relevant high solids content, (2) minimising energy and chemical inputs, and (3) maximising downstream sugar yields. Studies indicated there to be a play-off between pretreatment solids content, the usage of an acid catalyst, and pretreatment temperature. For example, yields of 80-90% theoretical glucose could be obtained following pretreatment at 35% w/v solids and 200 ∘ C, or at 140-160 ∘ C with addition of 1% HCl. However, at very high solids loadings (40-50% w/v) temperatures of 180-200 ∘ C were necessary to attain comparable sugar yields, even with an acid catalyst. The feasibility of producing bioethanol from feedstocks generated using these protocols was demonstrated (but not optimised) at laboratory scale.

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Microwave‐Assisted Chemical Reactions

Cited by 141 publications

References 46 publications

Microwave Individual and Combined Pre-Treatments on Lignocellulosic Biomasses

Microwave Individual and Combined Pre-Treatments on Lignocellulosic Biomasses

Contribution to the Qualification of Technical Microwave Systems and to the Validation of Microwave‐Assisted Reactions and Processes

Optimising the (Microwave) Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Brewers Spent Grains for Bioethanol Production

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