Microwave-assisted direct synthesis of butene from high-selectivity methane

Abstract

Methane was directly converted to butene liquid fuel by microwave-induced non-oxidative catalytic dehydrogenation under 0.1–0.2 MPa. The results show that, under microwave heating in a two-stage fixed-bed reactor, in which nickel powder and NiOx–MoOy/SiO2 are used as the catalyst, the methane–hydrogen mixture is used as the raw material, with no acetylene detected. The methane conversion is more than 73.2%, and the selectivity of methane to butene is 99.0%. Increasing the hydrogen/methane feed volume ratio increases methane conversion and selectivity. Gas chromatography/electron impact ionization/mass spectrometry chromatographic analysis showed that the liquid fuel produced by methane dehydrogenation oligomerization contained 89.44% of butene, and the rest was acetic acid, ethanol, butenol and butyric acid, and the content was 1.0–3.0 wt%.

Review of Established and Emergent Methods for the Production of C4 Olefins

“…Care was taken to avoid an additional dehydrogenation of the ethylene intermediate to form acetylene by pumping excess hydrogen gas into the reactor, which resulted in very low yields of that relatively inexpensive byproduct. Experimental data is mostly limited to the work done by Lu et al, who reported relatively high selectivities of roughly 90% 1-butene from the second dimerization reaction using a molybdenum-doped zeolite catalyst [1]. More studies should attempt to recreate these promising results, which could provide another alternate pathway to efficiently producing C4 olefins.…”

“…An estimated 95 percent of worldwide production of 1,3butadiene, an important polyunsaturated olefin used in the production of rubber for automobile tires, was produced in one (or both) of these two ways as of 2018 [15]. These processes, which already rely on the use of C4+ feedstocks, leave the price of the important C4 olefins in flux due to inconsistent feedstock supply, and may be unsustainable regardless due to limited natural resources, creating the impetus for a well-established direct synthesis route to these important monomers [1,3,[12][13][14][15].…”

Projeto e construção de um sistema simplificado de aquecimento por micro-ondas para reações heterogêneas gás-sólido em alta temperatura

“…Fe metálicos -para a funcionalização de metano, Marun et al [16] , Wan et al [121] e mais recentemente Lu, Y. H. et al [122] estudaram a sua oligomerização conversão em outros hidrocarbonetos), ou seja, verificou-se que o uso de microondas possibilitava um resultado diferente do que a decomposição do metano em fuligem e hidrogênio obtido com o aquecimento convencional ou CA puro aquecido por MO.…”