2009
DOI: 10.1039/b820575b
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Microwave assisted enzymatic esterification of lactic acid and ethanol in phosphonium type ionic liquids as co-solvents

Abstract: Microwave heating was found to have a beneficial effect on the enzymatic esterification of lactic acid (LA) with ethanol in Cyphos 202 ionic liquid (IL) medium. Microwave irradiation caused hydrolysis of lactoyllactic acid (the linear dimer of LA) during the reaction, thus, as a result, more lactic acid was available as substrate and a higher ester yield was achieved in the esterification.

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Cited by 34 publications
(14 citation statements)
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“…However, problems caused by these catalysts are not in conformity with the requirements for sustainable development, e.g., equipment corrosion, environmental pollution, undesirable side reactions, plaguy catalyst recovery and reuse. To avoid these drawbacks, heterogeneous catalysts such as solid superacids, [2][3][4][5] heteropolyacids, 6 zeolites, 7-9 resins 10 and enzymes [11][12][13][14] have been employed for esterification. Unfortunately, limited applications were found for these solid catalysts due to their disadvantages such as low activity, easy deactivation, formidable separation and recovery and so on.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, problems caused by these catalysts are not in conformity with the requirements for sustainable development, e.g., equipment corrosion, environmental pollution, undesirable side reactions, plaguy catalyst recovery and reuse. To avoid these drawbacks, heterogeneous catalysts such as solid superacids, [2][3][4][5] heteropolyacids, 6 zeolites, 7-9 resins 10 and enzymes [11][12][13][14] have been employed for esterification. Unfortunately, limited applications were found for these solid catalysts due to their disadvantages such as low activity, easy deactivation, formidable separation and recovery and so on.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…25 Although most studies are focused on the enzymes catalytic activity in presence of aromatic ILs, particularly imidazolium-based, noncyclic and nonaromatic cations, such as phosphonium-based ILs, could lead to relevant improvements and contribute to the design of efficient biotechnological processes. [26][27][28] Imidazolium-based ILs have been applied as solvents in biocatalytic processes involving reactions such as transesterification and hydrolysis. [29][30][31][32][33][34] Mai et al 29 (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate:1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bistrisflamide).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…57 The efficiency of microwaves has already been demonstrated in different systems involving enzymes. 57−64 Therefore, as esterification has polar transition states, 57 microwave irradiation may greatly decrease the energy of the transition state, thus leading to quicker reactions and higher conversions.…”
Section: ■ Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%