Microwave-Assisted Extraction Combined with In-Capillary [Fe(ferrozine)3]2+-CE-DAD to Screen Active Components with the Ability to Chelate Ferrous Ions from Flos Sophorae Immaturus (Flos Sophorae)

Abstract

An efficient microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) combined with in-capillary [Fe(ferrozine)3]2+-capillary electrophoresis-Diode Array Detector (in-capillary [Fe(ferrozine)3]2+-CE-DAD) was developed to screen active components with the ability to chelate ferrous ions and determine the total antioxidant activity. The MAE conditions, including methanol concentration, extraction power, extraction time, and the ratio of material to liquid, were optimized by an L9(34) orthogonal experiment. Background buffer, voltage, and cartridge temperature that affect the separation of six compounds were optimized. It was found that rutin and quercetin were the main components chelating ferrous ions in Flos Sophorae Immaturus (Flos Sophorae) by the in-capillary [Fe(ferrozine)3]2+-CE-DAD. The recoveries were ranged from 95.2% to 104%. It was concluded that the MAE combined with in-capillary [Fe(ferrozine)3]2+-CE-DAD method was a simple, reliable, and efficient tool for screening active components from the complex traditional Chinese medicine samples and evaluating their ability to chelate ferrous ions.

A novel reverse migration micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for in‐capillary screening and quantifying of antioxidant components in Sanyetangzhiqing using 2,2′‐Azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonate) as oxidation‐free radical

“…The migration and separation behaviour of the analytes are significantly affected by BGE [22]. At the initial stage of experiment, key factors of analysis including pH and concentrations of BGE, HP‐β‐CD, SDS, as well as content of ACN were progressively optimized by changing one factor for each time.…”

Sophora japonica L. bioactives: Chemistry, sources, and processing techniques

“…Compared with traditional extraction methods, MAE reduces the consumption of time and solvent and increases the extraction yield; therefore, it is regarded as a green, efficient, and low‐cost extraction method (Bagade & Patil, 2021). MAE has been used to extract the antioxidant components of FSI, of which the main components were identified as rutin and quercetin (Liu et al., 2019). The extraction efficiency is affected by solvent type, particle size, microwave power, microwave time, and the liquid‐to‐solid ratio.…”

The Potential of Flos sophorae immaturus as a Pigment-Stabilizer to Improve the Monascus Pigments Preservation, Flavor Profiles, and Sensory Characteristic of Hong Qu Huangjiu

“…Flos sophorae immaturus ( FSI ) is the dried flower bud of Sophora japonic a L. This herb has a high flavonoid content and is considered a healthy food because of its high antioxidant activity ( Abdelhady et al, 2015 ; Li and Fan, 2020 ). FSI has been widely used for 2,000 years in China as an important traditional Chinese medicine, due to its antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities ( Liu T. et al, 2019 ; Huang et al, 2020 ). Many studies have reported that the antioxidant compounds of FSI are responsible for its efficacy ( Yao et al, 2011 ; Zhang et al, 2011 ; Hu et al, 2016 ; Wang et al, 2019 ).…”