Microwave‐assisted extraction of bioactive saponins from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L)

Abstract

Growing interest in plant secondary metabolites has brought with it the need for economical, rapid and efficient extraction protocols. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was used to extract saponins from chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Several MAE conditions were tested, and the method proved to be superior to Soxhlet extraction with regard to amounts of solvents required, time and energy expended. The use of a butanol/H 2 O mixture showed selectivity towards saponin extraction. Using TLC, two distinct saponins were observed in the various chickpea extracts. The identification of the major saponin as a DDMP-conjugated saponin was verified using 1 H and 13 C NMR, for the first time in chickpea. The MAE procedure most likely contributed to the conservation of the heat-sensitive DDMP moiety. The pure chickpea saponin exhibited significant inhibitory activity against Penicillium digitatum and additional filamentous fungi. Two Fusarium strains tested were highly tolerant to the saponin. The potential for using MAE for the efficient extraction of natural products may assist in expediting the chemical analysis and characterization of the biological activities of such compounds.

Technology Optimization for Microwave-assisted Extraction of Water Soluble Dietary Fiber from Peanut Hull and Its Antioxidant Activity

“…Recently, some active components (e.g. saponins, silybinin, and fat) have been extracted using MAE (Kerem et al, 2005;Dhobi et al, 2009;Elkhori et al, 2007). MAE has many advantages, such as reduced energy consumption, lower chemical solvent volume, shorter extraction time, higher extraction rate, smaller quantity of waste products, and better products produced at lower cost.…”

Food waste: a potential bioresource for extraction of nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds

“…The mangiferin content was reportedly increased until 500 W, but decreased as the microwave power was increased further. An optimal mangiferin yield of 41 μg/ml was obtained from an extraction time of 15.32 s for a microwave power of 500 W. Kerem et al (2005) extracted saponins from chickpea (Cicer arietinum) using MAE and found this method superior over Soxhlet extraction with regard to amounts of solvents required, time and energy expended. The pure chickpea saponin exhibited significant inhibitory activity against Penicillium digitatum and additional filamentous fungi (Fig.…”

New extraction technique for alkaloids

“…Natural products are extracted by conventional methods such as Soxhlet and room temperature solvent extraction, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] or by ultrasound, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] microwaves, [15][16][17][18] supercritical solvents [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] or other methods. [31][32][33][34] In this paper a new method is developed to extract alkaloids, which are among the most important groups of secondary metabolites.…”