Microwave-assisted extraction or saponification combined with microwave-assisted decomposition applied in pretreatment of soil or mussel samples for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls

Microwave-induced Degradation of Chlorobenzene Using Fe0 and TiO2 Coated on Cordierites as Catalyst

“…When Fe 0 /cordierite particles contact CB solution, CB is diffused and adsorbed on cordierite surface where it oxidizes zero-valent iron directly to result in electron transfer (Xiong, He, & Zhang, 2000) so that the adsorbed CB is de-chlorinated (Chena, Al-Abed, Ryanb, & Li, 2001). In contrast, the TiO 2 /cordierite particle surface absorbs the MW energy to produce the electron-electronic hole pair that oxidizes and decomposes the adsorbed CB molecules.…”

“…For Fe 0 /cordierite, the direct oxidation of zero-valent iron into ferric ions through electron transfer by intermediates at Fe 0 surface results in the reductive decomposition of chlorine-containing organic matter (Xiong et al, 2000). For TiO 2 /cordierite, valence electrons elevated to conduction band causes the formation of electron-electronic holes that will react with the adsorbed CB molecules.…”

Fast low-pressure microwave assisted extraction and gas chromatographic determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil samples

“…PCBs are found in soils, surface waters, sediments, air throughout the world, since they are transported across international boundaries far from their sources, even to regions where they have never been used or The classical method for extraction of PCBs from environmental samples is Soxhlet extraction which requires large amounts of solvent and about 20 h to complete the extraction. Ultrasound [4,5] and microwave assisted extractions (MAE) [6,7] have gained wide acceptance due to low temperature requirement, high extraction rate, automation and the possibility of simultaneously extracting different types of samples.…”

Clossed-vessel assisted microwave extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls in marine mussels

“…The development of microwave commercial systems specially designed for the organic analysis using solvents transparent to microwaves in closed pressurized extraction vessels has increased the use of this technique [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. These systems operate at elevated temperatures and pressures therefore they use a fiber optic temperature probe inserted into a representative vessel to monitor temperature during microwave heating, the representative vessel has also a pressure control side arm that will turn off the microwave energy if the pressure exceeds a set amount.…”

“…Saponification and alkaline decomposition are methods for the preparation of biological samples. They are used to remove fats in biosamples and to destroy some organic compounds [8].…”