Microwave assisted green synthesis of palladium nanoparticles using dragon fruit peel extract for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol and methylene blue

Epichlorohydrin-based CuAAC dendrimers with a calix[4]arene core and polar hydroxyl/oxyethyl terminal groups: synthesis, aggregation and use in catalysis

“…The model reaction of PNP reduction is widely spread in the literature, so it is possible to compare the catalytic activity of the studied systems with the literature ones. The obtained K app values (in min −1 units, Table S2, ESI†) are not inferior, and in most cases exceed the reported K app values for 4-NP reduction by palladium nanofibers 48 (0.252 min −1 ); Pd nanocubes 49 (0.5035 min −1 ), palladium nanoparticles stabilised on dragon fruit peel extract 50 (0.155 min −1 ); palladium nanoparticles, stabilised on polydopamine-modified eggshell membrane 50 (0.135 min −1 ) and our own catalytic systems: Pd, stabilised on gallic acid – based macrocyclic dendrimers 25 (0.30 min −1 ) and Pd, made by chemical reduction of amphiphilic NHC-PEPPSI complexes 51 (0.402 min −1 ).…”