Microwave-assisted nitroxide-mediated miniemulsion polymerization of styrene

Li, Jieai; Zhu, Xiulin; Zhu, Jian; Cheng, Zhenping

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2006.02.012

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…209 Polymerization reactions such as emulsion polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate were achieved with high power pulsed microwave irradiation 7,8 and also, with single-mode microwave synthesizer. 210 Microwave heating showed enhanced polymerization rate compared to conventional heating. 7,8 Microwave-assisted emulsion polymerization of styrene showed an incremental increase in molecular weight with conversion and the resulting products were colloidally stable.…”

Section: Polymer Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,8 Microwave-assisted emulsion polymerization of styrene showed an incremental increase in molecular weight with conversion and the resulting products were colloidally stable. 210 Similarly, emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate with the help of microwaves yielded smaller polymer particles at faster rates. 211 Microwave-assisted oxidative degradation of polystyrene in dichlorobenzene in the presence of benzoyl peroxide was carried out for different cycle heating periods ranging from 20 to 45 seconds.…”

Section: Polymer Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microwave material processing—a review

2011

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Microwave heating is caused by the ability of the materials to absorb microwave energy and convert it to heat. This article represents a review on fundamentals of microwave heating and their interaction with materials for various applications in a comprehensive manner. Experimental studies of single, multimode, and variable frequency microwave processing were reviewed along with their applications. Modeling of microwave heating based on Lambert's law and Maxwell's electromagnetic field equations have also been reviewed along with their applications. Modeling approaches were used to predict the effect of resonances on microwave power absorption, the role of supports for microwave heating, and to determine the nonuniformity on heating rates. Various industrial applications on thermal processing have been reviewed. There is tremendous scope for theoretical and experimental studies on the athermal effects of microwaves. Some of the unresolved problems are identified and directions for further research are also suggested.

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Section: Polymer Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polymer Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave material processing—a review

2011

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“…It is no wonder that the different responses of two phases to MI may cause some unexpected results in the emulsion system. Most of the studies on microwave-assisted polymerizations have been focused on the latex particles prepared from styrene [6][7][8][9], methyl methacrylate [10][11][12][13], and butyl acrylate [14] etc. The study on the emulsion polymerization of PSi under MI, however, is still lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polysiloxane nanoparticles prepared by emulsion polymerization under microwave irradiation

Yang¹,

Hui²,

Chen³

et al. 2008

E-Polymers

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: Emulsion polymerization of octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane (D 4 ) under microwave irradiation (MI) was studied. The polysiloxane (PSi) nanoparticles via cationic ring-opening polymerization of D 4 were obtained by using the dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid (DBSA), sodium dodecylbenzene sulphate (SDBS) and poly(ethylene glycol) monooctylphenyl ether (OP-10) as the catalyst and the emulsifiers respectively. The particle size analyzer and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to determine the particle size of PSi emulsions. The results show that, the particle size of PSi emulsions prepared under MI is substantially smaller and the particle distribution is narrower compared with that under conventional heating (CH). With the aid of MI, the polymerization rate and the equilibrium conversion are enhanced. The polydispersity index (PDI) and molecular weight (M w ) measured by GPC indicate that under MI, PDI of PSi is narrower and M w of PSi at high temperature is lower than those under CH.

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“…Potassium thiosulfate was used as initiator and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (OH-TEMPO) as mediator at 135 8C. [57,58] The process yielded well-defined and stable PS latexes with narrow average molecular weight distributions and number average molecular weights close to the theoretical ones. The authors claimed that the observed enhanced polymerization rate was due to the increased decomposition rate of the initiator under microwave irradiation.…”

Section: Controlled-radical Polymerizationsmentioning

confidence: 92%

One Decade of Microwave‐Assisted Polymerizations: Quo vadis?

Ebner

Bodner

Stelzer

et al. 2011

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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The application of microwave irradiation in polymer syntheses and modifications is of continuously growing interest and has received significant international interest since the beginning of the millennium. Preceded by a review that was published 6 years ago, the present paper summarizes the most recent trends in this research area. Radical as well as step-growth and ring-opening polymerizations will be addressed; furthermore, the evolution from microwave-assisted polymerizations to microwave-assisted material fabrication will be described on the examples of polymeranalogous reactions, polymer/metal composites and bio-based materials.

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Microwave-assisted nitroxide-mediated miniemulsion polymerization of styrene

Cited by 37 publications

References 13 publications

Microwave material processing—a review

Microwave material processing—a review

Polysiloxane nanoparticles prepared by emulsion polymerization under microwave irradiation

One Decade of Microwave‐Assisted Polymerizations: Quo vadis?

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