Microwave‐assisted polymerization: Superabsorbent polymer with improved properties

Azad, Michael M.; Sandros, Marinella G.

doi:10.1002/app.43325

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The above problem always resulted in poor reproducibility of MW-assisted polymerization, 243 because the used initiator for FRP is sensitive to heating conditions while the difference in the heating profiles can lead to the decomposition of the initiator at various extents before the target temperature was reached. 248 Furthermore, in some of the commercial MW reactors, the closed vessel was equipped with an external sensor (e.g., infrared thermometer) to monitor the temperature of the reactants. However, there are concerns that this method sometimes does not provide actual temperature information, as proposed in Kappe et al's review.…”

Section: Free-radical Polymerization (Frp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there are many investigations of MW-assisted FRP so far, nonspecialized MW devices (domestic MW oven) were used, , where the temperature of the reactants was poorly controlled while the thermal distribution was not always characterized. The above problem always resulted in poor reproducibility of MW-assisted polymerization, because the used initiator for FRP is sensitive to heating conditions while the difference in the heating profiles can lead to the decomposition of the initiator at various extents before the target temperature was reached . Furthermore, in some of the commercial MW reactors, the closed vessel was equipped with an external sensor ( e.g.…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microwave Encounters Ionic Liquid: Synergistic Mechanism, Synthesis and Emerging Applications

Zhao,

Li,

Gao

2023

Chem. Rev.

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Progress in microwave (MW) energy application technology has stimulated remarkable advances in manufacturing and high-quality applications of ionic liquids (ILs) that are generally used as novel media in chemical engineering. This Review focuses on an emerging technology via the combination of MW energy and the usage of ILs, termed microwave-assisted ionic liquid (MAIL) technology. In comparison to conventional routes that rely on heat transfer through media, the contactless and unique MW heating exploits the electromagnetic wave−ions interactions to deliver energy to IL molecules, accelerating the process of material synthesis, catalytic reactions, and so on. In addition to the inherent advantages of ILs, including outstanding solubility, and well-tuned thermophysical properties, MAIL technology has exhibited great potential in process intensification to meet the requirement of efficient, economic chemical production. Here we start with an introduction to principles of MW heating, highlighting fundamental mechanisms of MW induced process intensification based on ILs. Next, the synergies of MW energy and ILs employed in materials synthesis, as well as their merits, are documented. The emerging applications of MAIL technologies are summarized in the next sections, involving tumor therapy, organic catalysis, separations, and bioconversions. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities of this emerging technology are discussed.

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Section: Free-radical Polymerization (Frp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Encounters Ionic Liquid: Synergistic Mechanism, Synthesis and Emerging Applications

Zhao,

Li,

Gao

2023

Chem. Rev.

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Microwave‐assisted polymerization: Inert addition and surface coating of superabsorbent polymer for improved physical properties

Azad

Sandros

2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Two different polymerization techniques, microwave-assisted polymerization and free radical solution polymerization, were utilized in the syntheses of superabsorbent polymers with varying amounts of acrylic acid (31-50%). Degrees of neutralization were in the range of 68-80 mol %, and clay level was varied between 0 and 5%. The base polymer produced with microwave-assisted polymerization had higher absorbency under low load (0.3 psi) than those with the free radical solution polymerization. To improve its absorbency under higher loads (0.6 and 0.9 psi), the surface coating step was implemented by using ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether as a surface crosslinking agent. Properties such as capacity, permeability, and absorbency under different loads were tested in 0.9% sodium chloride solution for the base and the surface-coated polymers. In addition, extractables and residual acrylic acid were measured to determine the reaction's efficiency. In conclusion, surface coating improved polymer properties, and the incorporation of clay imparted permeability to the polymer.

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Microwave‐assisted ring‐opening copolymerization and property of polycarbonates

Feng

Mei

Fan

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Recently, the microwave‐assisted heating method has become a commonly used and environmentally friendly heating technology in the field of organic and polymeric synthetic chemistry. A series of poly(5,5‐dimethyl trimethylenecarbonate‐co‐2‐phenyl‐5,5‐bis[oxymethyl] trimethylenecarbonate) (P[DTC‐co‐PTC]) were synthesized by microwave‐assisted ring‐opening polymerization of 5,5‐dimethyl trimethylene carbonate (DTC) and 2‐phenyl‐5,5‐bis(oxymethyl) trimethylene carbonate (PTC) using tin(II) 2‐ethylhexanoate and aluminum isopropoxidase, the catalysts. These co‐polycarbonates were further reduced by a palladium‐carbon catalyst (Pd/C catalyst, 10%) to make partly deprotected polycarbonates (HPDPC). These two co‐polycarbonates were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, 1HNMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV, differential scanning calorimetry, and automatic contact‐angle measurements. The influences of the microwave irradiation time, microwave power, monomer feed molar ratio, different catalysts, and monomer/catalyst feed molar ratio on the molecular weights of co‐polycarbonates were also investigated. In vitro water absorption, degradation and drug release tests indicated that partly deprotected co‐polycarbonate HPDPC possessed greater hydrophilicity, faster degradation rate, and faster drug release rate than that of corresponding P(DTC‐co‐PTC). Therefore, microwave‐assisted polymerization is a clean and cheap heating method and can be used for ring‐opening copolymerization of carbonates, which enhances the hydrophilicity and biodegradation rate of aliphatic polycarbonates.

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Microwave‐assisted polymerization: Superabsorbent polymer with improved properties

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Microwave Encounters Ionic Liquid: Synergistic Mechanism, Synthesis and Emerging Applications

Microwave Encounters Ionic Liquid: Synergistic Mechanism, Synthesis and Emerging Applications

Microwave‐assisted polymerization: Inert addition and surface coating of superabsorbent polymer for improved physical properties

Microwave‐assisted ring‐opening copolymerization and property of polycarbonates

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