Microwave-assisted production of optimized pyrolysis liquid oil from oil palm fiber

Abas, Fatimatul Zaharah; Ani, Farid Nasir; Zakaria, Zainul Akmar

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.052

Cited by 51 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…On the other hand, the extraction of phytonutrients from the palm oil feedstock with a high fiber content (e.g., EFB and PPF) and high viscosity (e.g., POME) is arduous due to the inaccessible of solvent to the target phytonutrients. Therefore, the applications of microwave, ultrasound, and maceration in the treatment of palm oil feedstock are useful because the contact areas in solid matrix could be increased for a more effective penetration by solvent (Abas, Ani, & Zakaria, 2018; Cynthia & Lee, 2014; Dal Prá et al., 2017).…”

Section: Challenges and Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent development and challenges in extraction of phytonutrients from palm oil

Hoe

Chan

Ramanan

et al. 2020

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Phytonutrients are plant-derived bioactives which are widely utilized as colorants or supplements in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products. To meet the global demand for phytonutrients, oil palm has emerged as a promising source of phytonutrients on account of its large-scale plantation worldwide and high oil productivity. Phytonutrients including carotenoids, tocols, sterols, squalene, phospholipids, coenzyme Q10, and polyphenols can be found in crude palm oil as well as in the byproducts (e.g. palm oil mill effluent and palm-pressed fiber oil) generated from the palm oil milling process. However, the high viscosity and semisolid properties of palm oil are problematic in phytonutrient extraction. Another major challenge is the retention of the sensitive phytonutrients during the extraction process. Over the years, the advances in the extraction methods have improved the extractability of phytonutrients. The emerging extraction methods can operate under mild conditions to mitigate the risk of phytonutrient degradation. This review outlines the types of phytonutrient in palm oil and their extraction strategies. The working principles and operating conditions of extraction methods are discussed along with their potential and limitations in terms of extraction efficiency and practicability. The methods for pretreatment of feedstocks for improving extraction efficiency are also highlighted. The challenges in the extraction of phytonutrient from palm oil feedstock are summarized. Lastly, we provide suggestions for overcoming the limitations and improving the performances of phytonutrient extraction.

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Section: Challenges and Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent development and challenges in extraction of phytonutrients from palm oil

Hoe

Chan

Ramanan

et al. 2020

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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“…Microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) was carried out referring to a study conducted by Abas [18] with modification of raw material size of 1-1.18 mm. 100 g materials and 50 g of activated carbon were dried at 105℃ for 24 hours.…”

Section: Microwave-assisted Pyrolysis (Map)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the pyrolysis could go more quickly and saved energy by using Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis (MAP). Research using MAP has been carried out on several biomass such as oil palm fiber to make hydrogen gas [17] and pyrolysis liquid oil [18], palm kernel shell to produce anti -bacterial agent [19] and bio-oil [20], characterization of empty fruit bunch for MAP [21], and pineapple waste to produce PA [22]. However, from a number of previous studies, there have not been any studies found on the application of MAP to CS aimed at utilizing PA as an antibacterial agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic compound derived from microwave-assisted pyrolysis of coconut shell: Isolation and antibacterial activity testing

et al. 2020

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Indonesia is rich in natural resources, coconut plantation being one of them. The coconut processing industry produces coconut shell (CS) waste. The most effective technique to increase the value of this waste is to convert CS biomass through pyrolysis process. This research focuses on intensification of conversion process of CS by Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis (MAP) to obtain PA. PA contains phenolic compounds which have antibacterial properties so they can be formulated as an antibacterial agent. CS has moisture and ash content of 8.89% and 0.21%, respectively. PA was produced from the MAP of CS at 600W at 450℃ and 500oC for 10, 20, and 30 minutes. The PA was extracted using ethyl acetate to obtain phenolic contents. Optimum pyrolysis condition was found at 400oC for 30 minutes and yield of PA was determined at 32.20 g with total phenolic content (TPC) of 112.13 mg GAE/g. The inhibition zone of phenolic extract from coconut shell (PECS) using E. Coli was determined within 22-25 mm that quantitatively PECS can effectively kill bacteria. PECS by MAP and its aplication as an antibacterial agent has never been performed, so this work is an important contribution in the intensification of pyrolysis and in medical field.

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“…Reddy et al has also reported that MAP provides a rapid, selective, and non-contacting energy transfer [13]. MAP has recently applied for several process of decomposing biomass or other complex materials into various products, such as the conversion of rise husk to biochar [12], fiberboard to biochar [14], coal to blue-coke, coal-tar, and pyrolysis water [15], waste plastics and used cooking oil to liquid oil [16], bamboo into carbon fiber [17], Lignin to bio-oil [18], palm oil fiber to liquid oil [19] and Laminaria digitata seaweed to bio-oil [20]. Nonetheless, the application of MAP for converting coconut shell into biochar has not been investigated yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylene Blue Removal Using Coconut Shell Biochar Synthesized Through Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis

et al. 2020

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Indonesia is the world’s second largest producer of coconut. This at the same time resulted in huge generation of coconut shell waste that need to be properly managed to prevent environmental contamination such as water, air and soil pollution. Current techniques of physical and thermal processing are time and energy consuming. This study reports on the conversion of coconut shell biomass into biochar using microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP). The MAP processes were carried out at different microwave power (550-650W) and residence time (15-25 minutes). Two of the highest biochar yields were obtained at 550W with the residence times of 15 minutes (91.31 wt%, termed as S1) and 20 minutes (83.88 wt%, termed as S2), respectively. Both values were higher than biochar yield obtained using conventional pyrolysis process i.e. 30.10 wt%. Both S1 and S2 showed considerable capacity to remove 0.6875 mg.g-1 and 0.5165 mg.g-1 methylene blue which had the initial concentration of 25 mg.L-1. The adsorption efficiencies of S1 and S2 biochars were 55.00% and 41.32%, respectively. Results obtained from the FTIR, FESEM and BET analysis also supported the methylene blue removal properties of both S1 and S2, respectively. As a conclusion, coconut shell showed potential as a useful raw material to produce biochar that can be used for methylene blue removal from solution. Nevertheless, more investigation need to be carried out prior to commercialization venture of the coconut-shell based biochar.

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Microwave-assisted production of optimized pyrolysis liquid oil from oil palm fiber

Cited by 51 publications

References 27 publications

Recent development and challenges in extraction of phytonutrients from palm oil

Recent development and challenges in extraction of phytonutrients from palm oil

Phenolic compound derived from microwave-assisted pyrolysis of coconut shell: Isolation and antibacterial activity testing

Methylene Blue Removal Using Coconut Shell Biochar Synthesized Through Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis

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