Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste

Aishwarya, Kesav; Sindhu, Nangarthody

doi:10.1016/j.protcy.2016.08.197

Cited by 70 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The condensation process uses three condensers arranged in a series [27] with each condenser having a length of 300 mm and a diameter of 250 mm. Series arrangement of condensers has a relationship with pyrolysis gas residence time in the condenser, where residence time influences the distribution and composition of condensate oil [28].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An effect analysis of cooling water direction towards condensate oil from scrap tires

Suyitno

Pane

Libyawati

et al. 2021

EEJET

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The application of pyrolysis for the thermal decomposition of tire waste can be taken as the ideal concept to reduce and recycle tire waste. The product of the process can produce condensate oil, a typical oil that is close to crude oil properties. The critical aspect of the pyrolysis process is the design of the reactor, particularly for the condenser where the rate of heat transfer contributes to the overall quality and quantity of the produced condensate oil. This study focused on the effect of water flow direction on the condensation process of pyrolysis gas. The quantity and quality of the produced oil are examined to observe the effect of the condensation process. Two different water flow directions are tested in the process, namely, counter flow and parallel flow direction. The effect of water flow direction in the condenser clearly affects the pyrolysis process to produce the condensate oil. Based on the production quantity, the counter flow condenser is able to produce 355 ml of condensate oil while the parallel flow one merely 290 ml. Based on the quality of the produced condensate oil, the counter flow condenser is generally better than the parallel flow one where the density, flash point and viscosity are close to crude oil properties. The rate of heat transfer from the condenser to the pyrolysis gas is the main factor that contributes to the quality and quantity of the condensate oil. The average heat transfer for the counter and parallel flow is 2,728 W and 1,865 W, respectively. It can be said that using the counter flow condenser for the pyrolysis reactor can improve the quality and quantity of the condensate oil

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An effect analysis of cooling water direction towards condensate oil from scrap tires

Suyitno

Pane

Libyawati

et al. 2021

EEJET

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“…Microwave heating has been used for pyrolysis of biomass (Zhao et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2017), waste plastics (Ludlow-Palafox and Chase, 2001), scrap tyres (Undri et al, 2013) and electronic waste (Sun et al, 2011). Aishwarya and Sindhu (2016) successfully carried out the pyrolysis of simulated plastic mixtures in a microwave assisted pyrolyser which had a power of 5 kW and was integrated with 4 magnetron generating microwaves continuously. Ludlow-Palafox and Chase ( 2001) successfully recovered aluminium and hydrocarbons from high density polyethylene and aluminium/polymer laminates (empty toothpaste tubes) by microwave induced pyrolysis in a semi-batch reactor using carbon particles as microwave absorbing materials.…”

Section: Microwave Assisted Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Value-added products from thermochemical treatments of contaminated e-waste plastics

et al. 2021

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The rise of electronic waste (e-waste) generation around the globe has become a major concern in recent times and their recycling is mostly focussed on the recovery of valuable metals such as gold (Au), silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) etc. However, a significant weight fraction of e-waste consists of plastics (25 -30%) that are either discarded or incinerated. There is a growing need for recycling of these e-waste plastics majority of them are made from high-quality polymers (composites) such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), high impact polystyrene (HIPS); polycarbonate (PC); polyamide (PA); polypropylene (PP); and epoxies. However, these plastics are contaminated with hazardous materials such as brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and heavy metals (such as lead and mercury). Under any thermal stress, the bromine element (Br) present in the e-waste plastics produces environmentally hazardous pollutants, such as hydrogen bromide or polybrominated diphenyl ethers/furans (PBDE/Fs). The discarded plastics can lead to the leaching of toxins into the environment. Therefore, removal of the toxics chemicals from the e-waste plastics is pre-requisite before considering any thermal process. This review article gives a detailed account of e-waste plastics recycling and recovery using thermochemical processes, such as extraction and pyrolysis. A basic framework of the existing processes has been established by reviewing the most interesting findings in recent times and the prospects that they open in the field recycling of e-waste plastics.

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“…Other chemical recycling methods involves photodegradation, ultrasound degradation, degradation in microwave reactor, etc. Despite all its advantages, unfortunately, chemical recycling is not a widespread method, mainly because of energy costs .…”

Section: Plastic Waste Management: Current State and Conventional Metmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recycling of condensation polymers such as PET and Nylon by these methods yields monomer units (de-polymerization or monomer recycling) in a relatively short time. 32 Other chemical recycling methods involves photodegradation, [45][46][47] ultrasound degradation, [48][49][50][51][52][53] degradation in microwave reactor, [54][55][56][57][58][59] etc. Despite all its advantages, unfortunately, chemical recycling is not a widespread method, mainly because of energy costs.…”

Section: Tertiary Recycling (Chemical or Feedstock Recycling)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current approaches to waste polymer utilization and minimization: a review

Okan

Aydın

Barsbay

2018

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

205

102

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The mass production of polymer products, in particular plastics, and their widespread use depending on the inherent advantages they have, make these materials ironically a threat to life on Earth. Polymer recycling is being considered as one of the most widely accepted remedies to the threat of growing amounts of plastic waste by both the public and scientists. In practice, recycling is associated with many difficulties, such as problems related to separation, sorting and cleaning operations, lack of fiscal subsidies, instability of selective garbage separation programs, high transport and electricity costs, etc. Still, a large section of society and the authorities agree on the necessity and importance of recycling to protect the environment, and natural habitats and resources for future generations in a balanced manner to conserve raw materials, and to reduce energy consumption, municipal solid waste production and greenhouse gas emission. The recycling effort is almost endless in itself and includes a variety of approaches such as refurbishing, mechanically reshaping, chemically treating, thermally utilizing, etc. Some novel approaches such as application in carbon capture or synthesis of carbon nanostructures from the plastic waste are among the new process technologies of recycling. From traditional and promising polymer waste utilization approaches, this review will highlight sustainable methods to reduce impacts of plastic waste on the environment. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste

Cited by 70 publications

References 6 publications

An effect analysis of cooling water direction towards condensate oil from scrap tires

An effect analysis of cooling water direction towards condensate oil from scrap tires

Value-added products from thermochemical treatments of contaminated e-waste plastics

Current approaches to waste polymer utilization and minimization: a review

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