Microwave assisted synthesis and determination of chain branching in solid epoxy resins using 1H NMR spectrometry

Bogdał, Dariusz; Gorczyk, Jaroslaw

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2003.10.051

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As a result, intermediate obtained in the work actually was a mixture of ETC and unreacted reactants (epichlorohydrin and triethylamine). (Liu and Wang, 2004;Bogdal and Gorczyk, 2003).…”

Section: Preparation Of Wheat Straw Anion Exchanger (Ws-ae)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of agricultural by-product based anion exchanger and its utilization for nitrate and phosphate removal

Zhong

2010

Bioresource Technology

134

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“…As a result, intermediate obtained in the work actually was a mixture of ETC and unreacted reactants (epichlorohydrin and triethylamine). (Liu and Wang, 2004;Bogdal and Gorczyk, 2003).…”

Section: Preparation Of Wheat Straw Anion Exchanger (Ws-ae)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of agricultural by-product based anion exchanger and its utilization for nitrate and phosphate removal

Zhong

2010

Bioresource Technology

134

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“…The general procedure for the synthesis of solid epoxy resins from BPA and Rutapox 0162 has been described in a previous paper. , …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 It was further shown that SER prepared under microwave irradiation possessed less chain branching in comparison with those obtained under conventional heating, and the reduction of reaction time did not influence the desired epoxy group content, molecular weight, or the molecular weight distribution (PDI). 19,20 In continuation of our study, in this report we would like present the results of our investigation on the preparation of SER from bisphenol A and low molecular epoxy resins (Epikote 828) and study of molecular weight measurements for narrow oligomeric fractions obtained from chromatographic separation of SER prepared under conventional and microwave conditions. The measurements were performed using GPC chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Solid Epoxy Resins: Study of Molecular Weight by GPC and MALDI-TOF/MS

Bogdał

Gorczyk

Kwasek

2016

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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A new method of preparation of solid epoxy resins (SER) with desired epoxy-group content via an advanced process under microwave irradiation is presented together with the results of molecular weight measurements for narrow oligomeric fractions obtained from chromatographic separation of SER. All the measurements were performed using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization spectrometry–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). In the GPC analysis, two types of calibration were used: the first was a standard calibration based on polystyrene standards, while the second was done on the basis of a chromatograms of epoxy resins synthesized from bisphenol A (BPA) and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (EDBPA). On the basis of the MALDI-TOF analysis, it was assumed that the purity of starting materials, i.e., low molecular weight epoxy resin, clearly determined the structure of the SER. In order to obtain an SER with linear chain structures and an even number of polymerization degrees, the low molecular weight epoxy needs to be characterized by a high content of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (EDBPA) as it was observed for Rutapox 0162. In the case of low molecular weight epoxy resins that contained a higher oligomeric fraction of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (EDBPA) like Epikote 828, one can observe an even and odd polymerization degree which resulted in the branching of chain structures. Eventually, the procedure of chromatographic separation of SER allowed a better correlation of results from MALDI-TOF/MS and the GPC.

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“…The suitability of microwave curing on polymers [6][7][8] and different composite systems 5,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] was extensively studied. Besides the reduction in curing time, several studies reported increased mechanical properties of the microwave cured composites explained by a more homogeneous hardening and/or an increased interfacial strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of microwave cured glass fibre epoxy composites prepared by resin transfer moulding

Maenz

Mühlstädt

Bossert

2014

Journal of Composite Materials

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The aim of this study was to significantly reduce the curing time for glass fibre epoxy composites in industrial relevant dimensions without worsening of the mechanical properties. With the combination of microwave heating and resin transfer moulding (RTM), the time between filling the mould and demoulding the samples was reduced to only 1 h and 15 min compared to at least 6 h for conventional curing of the same material. Based on the different dielectric losses of cured and uncured resin a pulsed microwave process was developed. In this way homogenously cured samples were obtained. Tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus of elasticity and Charpy impact strength of microwave cured samples were compared to conventionally cured samples. No statistically significant differences were found. Thus, microwave curing shows a high potential to improve the efficiency of fibre composite production while maintaining the mechanical properties.

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Microwave assisted synthesis and determination of chain branching in solid epoxy resins using 1H NMR spectrometry

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Preparation of agricultural by-product based anion exchanger and its utilization for nitrate and phosphate removal

Preparation of agricultural by-product based anion exchanger and its utilization for nitrate and phosphate removal

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Solid Epoxy Resins: Study of Molecular Weight by GPC and MALDI-TOF/MS

Mechanical properties of microwave cured glass fibre epoxy composites prepared by resin transfer moulding

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