Microwave-assisted synthesis of highly dispersed ZrO2 on CNTs as an efficient catalyst for producing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF)

Nanoparticles for the synthesis of bio‐based chemical 5‐Hydroxymethyl furfural from agricultural waste and biomass‐derived carbohydrates‐A review

“…Synthesis of HMF from fructose was reported using ZrO 2 /multiwalled C nanotubes (MWCNTs) polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). 68 The XRD results show the presence of tetragonal ZrO 2 (t-ZrO 2 ) phases 114 and monoclinic crystalline ZrO 2 (m-ZrO 2 ). 115 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis findings are in accordance, indicating that the composite made using the MW synthesis contains amorphous ZrO 2 .The materials' X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) survey scans reveal the existence of elemental peaks, which validate the ZrO 2 phase development on the MWCNTs(C) surface during CH and MW hydrothermal synthesis.…”

“…Synthesis of HMF from fructose was reported using ZrO 2 /multi‐walled C nanotubes (MWCNTs) polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) 68 . The XRD results show the presence of tetragonal ZrO 2 (t‐ZrO 2 ) phases 114 and monoclinic crystalline ZrO 2 (m‐ZrO 2 ) 115 .…”

Catalytic Transformation of Carbohydrates into Renewable Organic Chemicals by Revering the Principles of Green Chemistry

“…Heating under MW irradiation is increasingly being used for the value-addition of carbohydrates through the platform chemicals . MW irradiation technique has been used for the production of furanic platforms, such as HMF and 5-(ethoxymethyl)­furfural directly from sugars. , Large-scale MW reactors are now available so that this technology can be translated to industry. Ultrasound has been used as an alternative source of energy for the bond-making and bond-breaking reactions in carbohydrate value addition .…”

A simple and efficient synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from carbohydrates using acidic ionic liquid grafted on silica gel

“…[2][3][4][5] The most oen reported method for producing 5-HMF is dehydration of carbohydrates catalyzed by acid. [6][7][8] Various acid catalysts such as mineral acids, 9 organic acids, 10 H-form zeolites, 11 transition metal ions, 12 solid metal phosphates, [13][14][15] and acidic cation exchange resins [16][17][18][19] have been employed in the production of 5-HMF using fructose as the catalysts. In the utilization of mineral acids, namely H 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , or HCl, as catalysts for the conversion of fructose to 5-HMF within a blend of organic solvent and DMSO at a pH level of 1.0 and a temperature of 413 K, an observed 5-HMF selectivity of 89% was achieved.…”