Microwave dielectric characterization of switchgrass for bioenergy and biofuel

Motasemi, F.; Afzal, Muhammad T.; Salema, Arshad Adam; Mouris, Joe; Hutcheon, R. M.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.01.085

Cited by 88 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…These models can fit the experimental curves perfectly in predicting the variations of dielectric properties. The first model is called Boltzmann model, it is based on a sigmoidal function, which can be given by [14,15]:…”

Section: Dielectric Properties Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Properties of Zinc Sulfide Concentrate during the Roasting at Microwave Frequencies

Guang-jun

Yang

et al. 2017

Minerals

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Abstract:Microwave technology has a potential application in the extraction of zinc from sulphide ores, knowledge of the dielectric properties of these ores plays a major role in the microwave design and simulation for any process. The dielectric properties of zinc sulfide concentrate for two different apparent densities-1.54 and 1.63 g/cm 3 -have been measured by using the resonance cavity perturbation technique at 915 and 2450 MHz during the roasting process for the temperature ranging from room temperature to 850 • C. The variations of dielectric constant, the dielectric loss factor, the dielectric loss tangent and the penetration depth with the temperature, frequency and apparent density have been investigated numerically. The results indicate that the dielectric constant increases as the temperature increases and temperature has a pivotal effect on the dielectric constant, while the dielectric loss factor has a complicated change and all of the temperature, frequency and apparent density have a significant impact to dielectric loss factor. Zinc sulfide concentrate is high loss material from 450 to 800 • C on the basis of theoretical analyses of dielectric loss tangent and penetration depth, its ability of absorbing microwave energy would be enhanced by increasing the apparent density as well. The experimental results also have proved that zinc sulfide concentrate is easy to be heated by microwave energy from 450 to 800 • C. In addition, the experimental date of dielectric constant and loss factor can be fitted perfectly by Boltzmann model and Gauss model, respectively.

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Section: Dielectric Properties Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Properties of Zinc Sulfide Concentrate during the Roasting at Microwave Frequencies

Guang-jun

Yang

et al. 2017

Minerals

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“…Unlike conventional heat source, microwave energy has several advantageous including volumetric heating allowing bulky and high moisture biomass to be processed, minimize secondary reaction to optimize product yield also permits rapid heating therefore cost and time-saving [6], [8] Z. Abbas is with the Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. [11]. The mechanism of microwave energy on biomass involves the transport of the electrical charges by the ions present in the biomass cell wall and cellulose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, dielectric properties of oil palm shell, oil palm fibre [13], empty fruit bunch [14], pine wood [16], rubber wood [17], Blue Gum Wood [18], softwood (Black spruce, Balsam fir and Tamarack) [19], Douglas fir [20], sapwoods (Aspen, White Birch, Yellow Birch and Sugar Maple) [21], sawdust, peanut-hull pellets [22], Australian wood species (Slash pine and Spotted gum) [12], corn, lentil [23], hardwood (Acacia mangium, Swietenia macrophylla and Maescpsis eminii) [15] and switchgrass [11] were reported. However, article about the dielectric properties of OPT is scarce in publicly available literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fundamental knowledge about dielectric properties of OPT core are required to understand the interaction between this biomass and microwave energy before subjecting OPT core in microwave-assisted processes. In depth study of OPT coremicrowave interaction could significantly contribute in optimizing the utilization of this biomass in microwaveassisted process especially in the further study of microwave-assisted carbonization to produce biochar as fuel since it is crucial to know the change of dielectric properties during carbonization [11]. Besides that, knowledge about dielectric properties of OPT core gain from the present study could be further manipulated to determine various important factors such as moisture content of living oil palm biomass in a plantation and detecting defects on wood surfaces as similarly reported previously [20]- [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dielectric Properties of Oil Palm Trunk Core

Jie¹,

Abdullah²,

Yusof³

et al. 2015

JOCET

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Abstract-Recent development in microwave-assisted processing of biomass materials has significantly created a need for fundamental study to understand the dielectric properties of these biomass feedstock, which could give further insight about interaction between microwave energy and biomass. In the present study, dielectric properties of oil palm trunk (OPT) core were investigated using an open-ended coaxial probe method. The dielectric properties of OPT core were determined as a function of controlling factors such as microwave frequency, biomass moisture content and fibre directions (radial, tangential and cross section). The results showed that dielectric constant of OPT core was decreased with the increasing of frequency. For dielectric loss and loss tangent, a similar trend was observed but only at low frequency (<1.8 GHz). The dielectric constant and loss of OPT core were positively correlated with its moisture content for all fibre directions. In terms of magnitude of dielectric constant and loss, radial direction showed the highest value compared to cross section and tangential which suggests radial direction has the optimum electromagnetic energy absorption and conversion.Index Terms-Oil palm trunk core, dielectric constant, dielectric loss, loss tangent. I. INTRODUCTIONAs main exporter of oil palm, Malaysia has a large area of oil palm plantation. Until December 2012, there were 5.08 million ha area of oil palm plantation covering 15% of the total land area in Malaysia [1]. Oil palm tree has short productivity life span about 25 years. During replanting, it is estimated that around 74 t/ha dry oil palm trunk (OPT) logs are produced giving availability of around 13.6 million OPT logs/year for every 100,000 hectares plantations [2]. The abundant OPT logs are mostly utilized in saw-wood, lumber, plywood, flooring and furniture manufacturing [3], [4]. In the manufacturing of plywood, only the outer part of OPT logs was peeled to be further processed into plywood while the core part comprised only soft parenchyma tissue was left out as waste [5]. The core waste could be converted into cattle feed or further processed into biofuel.For waste conversion of biomass into biofuel and materials, microwave-assisted processes such as microwavepyrolysis and microwave-drying are increasingly applied [2], [6]- [8]. Unlike conventional heat source, microwave energy has several advantageous including volumetric heating allowing bulky and high moisture biomass to be processed, minimize secondary reaction to optimize product yield also permits rapid heating therefore cost and time-saving [6] [11]. The mechanism of microwave energy on biomass involves the transport of the electrical charges by the ions present in the biomass cell wall and cellulose. Once the microwave is encountered the biomass, randomly oriented dipoles in dielectric material align themselves in a direction opposite to applied external electric field. The molecules absorb the energy and store as potential energy. By the mechanism of ionic conduction and d...

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“…To date, there are only a small number of publications which report the dielectric properties of a small selection of biomass types. These include sorghum [178], oil palm [179][180][181], Australian wood-based biomass [182], wood pellets [183], Tobacco stems [184], hay [185], switchgrass [186] and corn stover [187]. However, the majority of these studies have only acquired dielectric property measurement information at temperatures up to ca.…”

Section: Dielectric Properties Of Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of microwave heating in bioenergy: A review on the microwave pre-treatment and upgrading technologies for biomass

Kostas

Beneroso

Robinson

2017

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

253

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Bioenergy, derived from biomass and/or biological (or biomass-derived) waste residues, has been acknowledged as a sustainable and clean burning source of renewable energy with the potential to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels (such as oil and natural gas). However, many bioenergy processes require some form of pre-treatment and/or upgrading procedure for biomass to generate a modified residue with more suitable properties and render it more compatible with the specific energy conversion route chosen. Many of these pre-treatments (or upgrading procedures) involve some form of substantive heating of the biomass to achieve this modification. Microwave (MW) heating has attracted much attention in recent years due to the advantages associated with dielectric heating effects. These advantages include rapid and efficient heating in a controlled environment, increasing processing rates and substantially shortening reaction times by up to 80%. However, despite this interest, the growth of industrial MW heating applications for bioenergy production has been hindered by a lack of understanding of the fundamentals of the MW heating mechanism when applied to biomass and waste residues. This article presents a review of the current scientific literature associated with the application of microwave heating for both the pre-treatment and upgrading of various biomass feedstocks across different bioenergy conversion pathways including thermal and biochemical processes. The fundamentals behind microwave heating will be explained, as well as discussion of the imperative areas which require further research and development to bridge the gap between fundamental science in the laboratory and the successful application of this technology at a commercial scale.

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Microwave dielectric characterization of switchgrass for bioenergy and biofuel

Cited by 88 publications

References 50 publications

Dielectric Properties of Zinc Sulfide Concentrate during the Roasting at Microwave Frequencies

Dielectric Properties of Zinc Sulfide Concentrate during the Roasting at Microwave Frequencies

Dielectric Properties of Oil Palm Trunk Core

The application of microwave heating in bioenergy: A review on the microwave pre-treatment and upgrading technologies for biomass

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