Microwave digestion procedures for environmental matrices

Lamble, Kathryn J.; Hill, Steve J.

doi:10.1039/a800776d

Cited by 191 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…Most of the methods of decomposition used in elemental analyses are based on digestion with strong acids (HNO 3 , HCl, H 2 SO 4 , HF) at elevated temperatures, which can lead to the loss of easily volatile elements such as As, Sb, Se and Sn [25][26][27]. The microwave accelerated digestion has become the most commonly used method for the determination of toxic element concentrations in solid samples by ICP-OES [25,28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An ultrasound-assisted digestion method for the determination of toxic element concentrations in ash samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Ilander¹,

Väisänen²

2007

Analytica Chimica Acta

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A method of ultrasound-assisted digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) used for the determination of toxic element concentrations (arsenic, barium, cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, strontium, vanadium and zinc) in ash samples was developed. All the measurements were performed in robust plasma conditions which were tested by measuring the Mg II 280.270 nm / Mg I 285.213 nm line intensity ratios. The highest line intensity ratios were observed when a nebulizer gas flow of 0.6 L min -1 , auxiliary gas flow of 0.2 L min -1 and plasma power of 1400 W were used for radially viewed plasma.The analysis of SRM 1633b showed that the ultrasound-assisted method developed is highly comparable with the microwave digestion method standardized by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA-3052). The ultrasound-assisted digestion with a digestion solution of aqua regia and hydro fluoric acid (HF) resulted in recovery rates of over 81 %. One exception is arsenic which resulted in recoveries of about 60 % only; however, it could be digested with good recovery (> 90 %) using a digestion solution of 5 mL of water and 5 mL of aqua regia. The major advantage of the ultrasound-assisted digestion over microwave digestion is the high treatment rate (30 samples simultaneously with a sonication time of 18 min).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microwave accelerated digestion has become the most commonly used method for the determination of toxic element concentrations in solid samples by ICP-OES [25,28,29]. Another useful sample preparation method for solid samples is ultrasound-assisted digestion [30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ultrasound-assisted digestion method for the determination of toxic element concentrations in ash samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Ilander¹,

Väisänen²

2007

Analytica Chimica Acta

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“…[4][5][6][7][8][9]18,19,[34][35][36][37] The interaction of microwave radiation (2450 MHz, 12.2 cm) with sample and reagents causes both ionic migration and dipole rotation, resulting in fast heating of the mixture with consequent decomposition.…”

Section: Wet Decomposition-radiant Energy-microwave Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 The relationship between pressure and sample amount is presented in Table 7. 4,7,[35][36][37] Thus, applications include practically all inorganic and organic samples to be submitted to complete or partial decomposition, especially for refractory materials and for foods with high contents of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Examples are presented in the literature.…”

Section: Wet Decomposition-radiant Energy-microwave Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are recommended for inorganic materials, such as some metals, alloys, minerals, and for metal extraction from soils and sediments. 6,7,[35][36][37] The conventional microwave oven operates at high pressures, which depend on the type of digestion flask, for the decomposition of samples using nitric and other mineral acids. Sealed PTFE vessels have pressures up to 7 MPa and quartz tubes up to 12 MPa (especially when sulfuric acid is used).…”

Section: Wet Decomposition-radiant Energy-microwave Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sample preparation for atomic spectroscopy: evolution and future trends

Oliveira¹

2003

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

140

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A preparação da amostra é a etapa crítica dentro de um protocolo analítico e envolve desde a simples diluição até a solubilização parcial ou total. Métodos de decomposição por via seca ou úmida, envolvendo o aquecimento das amostras em sistemas abertos ou fechados, utilizando várias formas de energia como térmica, ultra-som ou radiante (infravermelho, ultravioleta e microondas) são empregados. O presente e o futuro da preparação de amostras consideram também solubilização em linha de amostras, lixiviação dos analitos de interesse, especiação, análise de suspensão, análise in situ, in vivo etc. Ênfase foi dada para o preparo de amostras para espectroscopia atômica. Atualmente, os objetivos a serem alcançados envolvem a obtenção do melhor resultado, no menor tempo, com mínima contaminação, pouco gasto de reagente e pequena geração de resíduos e efluentes, bem como a integridade das amostras e traceabilidade dos resultados, tendo em mente a qualidade e confiança nos resultados de medições, como requerido pela comunidade e usuários.Sample preparation is the critical step of any analytical protocol, and involves steps from simple dilution to partial or total dissolution. The methods include dry or wet decomposition of the samples in open or closed systems, using thermal, ultrasonic or radiant (infrared, ultraviolet and microwaves) energy. This review emphasizes sample preparation for atomic spectroscopy. The present and future tendencies for sample preparation also involve on-line dissolution, extraction of the analytes, speciation, solid sample and slurry analysis, in situ and in vivo procedures, etc. Nowadays the goals are the best result, in the shortest time, with minimum contamination, using the smallest quantities of reagents and samples, and having low residue and waste generation, as well as maintaining the integrity of the sample and the traceability of the results, to have quality and confidence in the measurements as the primordial attributes required by the community and by the users.

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Microwave-assisted extraction behavior of non-polar and polar pollutants in soil with analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography

Sun

Lee

2002

J. Sep. Science

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Microwave‐Assisted extraction (MAE) was applied for the first time to study the thermal degradation of five carbamates (propoxur, thiuram, propham, methiocarb, chlorpropham) after heating for 6 min at 95°C with different extractants. Analytes were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection. It was found that significant thermal degradation of the five targets occurred under the extraction conditions. The break down percentage ranged from 10% to 100%, depending on polarities of both analytes and extractants. The greater the polarity of the extractant, the less degradation the analyte underwent. Lower recoveries were found for all carbamates with less polar extractants, such as hexane‐acetone (4 : 1, v/v) and dichloromethane. With more polar extractants (methanol, hexane‐acetone 1 : 4 and 1 : 1), higher recoveries of three carbamates (propoxur, methiocarb, and chlorpropham) were obtained, whereas the recoveries of the other two remained low. Some non‐polar and polar pollutants spiked in soil, such as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), triazines (atrazine, simazine), and carbamates (propoxur, methiocarb, chlorpropham), subjected to MAE in a closed‐vessel microwave system under 80% magnetron power output (1 200 W) at 115°C, were also studied. The recoveries of such pollutants ranged between 70% and 99% with excellent reproducibility, except for carbamates. The effects of the soil matrix, the soil moisture, and aging on recoveries were also investigated.

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Microwave digestion procedures for environmental matrices

Cited by 191 publications

References 162 publications

An ultrasound-assisted digestion method for the determination of toxic element concentrations in ash samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

An ultrasound-assisted digestion method for the determination of toxic element concentrations in ash samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Sample preparation for atomic spectroscopy: evolution and future trends

Microwave-assisted extraction behavior of non-polar and polar pollutants in soil with analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography

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