Microwave extraction in analytical chemistry of pollutants: Polychlorinated biphenyls

Onuska, Francis I.; Terry, K. A.

doi:10.1002/jhrc.1240180705

Cited by 48 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…MAE of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was reported by Lopez-Avila et al, 64 Onuska and Terri, 65 Pastor et al, 66 Dupont et al, 67 and Kodba and Marsel. 68 Lopez-Avila et al 64 used hexane-acetone (1:1, v/v) and reported that the average recoveries from typical soil matrices were greater than 70% for the Aroclors 1016 and 1260 and the method precision was better than 7%.…”

Section: Polychlorinated Biphenylsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Microwave-Assisted Extraction

Lopez-Avila¹,

Castro²

2014

Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering

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Section: Polychlorinated Biphenylsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Microwave-Assisted Extraction

Lopez-Avila¹,

Castro²

2014

Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering

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“…The presence of salts allows a more rapid heat transfer owing to ion presence in solution. The same team [68] has performed extraction of chlorobenzene from water by helium purge for 20 minutes under microwaves. Paré‚ et al [25,33] have tested the extraction of volatile compounds by headspace from liquid and solid samples such as water, gel, creams...…”

Section: Extraction Of Volatile Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave assisted extraction of organic compounds

1999

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Abstract. Microwave energy has been developed recently for the extraction of organic compounds from environmental matrices after its use in inorganic chemistry for trace metal analysis. The development in microwave techniques has occurred because of a need for a rapid, safe and cheap method. Conventional techniques for the extraction of solid matrices (such as Soxhlet) are time and solvent consuming and the analysis of numerous samples in environmental studies is limited by the extraction step. This review recalls the importance of the extraction step in the analytical procedure for the analysis of organic contaminants and the principles of extraction of solid matrices (sediment, soil, air particulate matter...). The theory of microwave heating is summarised and the microwave ovens used in analytical chemistry are described. Then, the review attempts to summarise all the studies about microwave assisted extraction for organic contaminants, on one hand in multimode microwave ovens in closed vessels and on the other hand in focused microwave ovens at atmospheric pressure. The microwave assisted extraction methods of volatile compounds are summarised. Finally, advantages of methods compared to conventional extraction are discussed.Key words. Microwave -extraction -organic contaminants. Analusis, 1999, 27, 259-271 © EDP Sciences, Wiley-VCH 1999 * Correspondence and reprints. Received October 20, 1998 revised December 09, 1999; accepted January 19, 1999. Article available at http://analusis.edpsciences.org or http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/analusis:1999116 soils, air particulate matter...). The theory of microwave heating is summarised and the microwave ovens used in analytical chemistry are described. Then, the review attempts to summarise all the studies about microwave assisted extraction of non and semi-volatile organic contaminants, on one hand in multimode microwave oven in closed vessels and on the other hand in focused microwave ovens at atmospheric pressure. The influence of parameters such as time, temperature, power, nature of solvent, nature of matrix, moisture content and the stability of compounds are discussed. The microwave assisted extraction methods of volatile compounds are summarised. Finally, advantages of these methods compared to conventional extraction are reviewed. Importance of the extraction step in the analytical procedureNatural samples can rarely be used in their raw state. Their nature must be compatible with the detection method. The analysis of organic contaminants requires pre-treatment of the sample. Different steps of sampling, extraction and purification are necessary before the determination and the quantification of individual compounds.The principal step of the sample treatment is the extraction of analytes from matrix, which consists of transfer of the compounds into a solvent. Extraction is rarely selective. The raw extract is then constituted of studied compounds at trace level but also of co-extracted compounds (endogenous compounds, macromolecules, other contaminants...)...

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“…Nevertheless, microwave-assisted extraction can be an excellent alternative sample preparation technique for the extraction of CPs. In fact, this technique has been successfully applied to the analysis of environmental pollutants such as hydrocarbons [29], organochlorine pesticides [29][30][31][32][33][34][35], polychlorinated biphenyls [35][36][37][38][39][40], polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons [31,[41][42][43][44][45], phenols [41,46], from soil and sediment matrices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-assisted extraction versus Soxhlet extraction for the analysis of short-chain chlorinated alkanes in sediments

Parera

Santos

Galcerán

2004

Journal of Chromatography A

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Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was evaluated as a possible alternative to Soxhlet extraction for analysing short-chain chlorinated alkanes (commonly called short-chain chlorinated paraffins, SCCPs) in river sediment samples, using gas chromatography coupled to negative chemical ionisation mass spectrometry. For MAE optimisation, several extraction parameters such as solvent extraction mixture, extraction time and extraction temperature were studied. Maximum extraction efficiencies for SCCPs (90%) and for 12 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners (91-95%) were achieved using 5 g of sediment sample, 30 ml of n-hexane-acetone (1:1, v/v) as solvent extraction, and 15 min and 115 degrees C of extraction time and temperature, respectively. Activated Florisil was used to clean-up the extracts, allowing highly selective separation of SCCPs from other organic contaminants such as PCBs. MAE was compared with a conventional extraction technique such as Soxhlet and good agreement in the results was obtained. Quality parameters of the optimised MAE method such as run-to-run (R.S.D. 7%) and day-to-day precision (R.S.D. 9%) were determined using spiked river sediment samples, with LODs of 1.5 ng g(-1). This method was successfully applied to the analysis of SCCPs in river sediment samples at concentrations below the ng g(-1) level. O 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Microwave extraction in analytical chemistry of pollutants: Polychlorinated biphenyls

Cited by 48 publications

References 7 publications

Microwave-Assisted Extraction

Microwave-Assisted Extraction

Microwave assisted extraction of organic compounds

Microwave-assisted extraction versus Soxhlet extraction for the analysis of short-chain chlorinated alkanes in sediments

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