Microwave hybrid heating (MHH) of Ni-based alloy powder on Ni and steel-based metals –A review on fundamentals and parameters

Tayier, Walisijiang; Janasekaran, Shamini; Tai, Vin Cent

doi:10.1016/j.ijlmm.2021.10.002

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…In fact, it had been successfully used to process many materials [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ] in different fields recently, such as but not limited to coal, oxide and carbide ceramics, composites, cement and concrete, alloys, fly ash, and even in CO 2 adsorption. Furthermore, MW energy has been used to heat and to sinter metals and their alloys [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], from the early reported works where MW was used to heat metals to the most recent reported studies where it has been used to join metals and alloys, but its full use needs a comprehensive understanding of MW–material interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Native Oxide Shell of Copper Metal Powder Spherical Particles

Mahmoud

2022

Materials

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The native oxide layer that forms on copper (Cu) metal spherical particle surfaces under ambient handling conditions has been shown to have a significant effect on sintering behavior during microwave heating in a previous study, where an abnormal expansion was observed and characterized during sintering of Cu compacts using reducing gases. Because microwave (MW) heating is selective and depends greatly on the dielectric properties of the materials, this thin oxide layer will absorb MW energy easily and can consequently be heated drastically starting from room temperature until the reduction process occurs. In the current study, this oxide ceramic layer was qualitatively and quantitatively characterized using the carrier gas hot extraction (CGHE) method, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and a dual-beam focused ion beam (FIB)/scanning electron microscope (SEM) system that combines both FIB and SEM in one single instrument. Two different commercial gas-atomized spherical Cu metal powders with different particle sizes were investigated, where the average oxygen content of the powders was found to be around 0.575 wt% using the CGHE technique. Furthermore, AES spectra along with depth profile measurements were used to qualitatively characterize this oxide layer, with only a rough quantitative thickness approximation due to method limitations and the electron beam reduction effect. For the dual-beam FIB-SEM system, a platinum (Pt) coating was first deposited on the Cu particle surfaces prior to any characterization in order to protect and to preserve the oxide layer from any possible beam-induced reduction. Subsequently, the Pt-coated Cu particles were then cross-sectioned in the middle in situ using an FIB beam, where SEM micrographs of the resulted fresh sections were characterized at a 36° angle stage tilt with four different detector modes. Quantitative thickness characterization of this native oxide layer was successfully achieved using the adapted dual-beam FIB-SEM setup with more accuracy. Overall, the native Cu oxide layer was found to be inhomogeneous over the particles, and its thickness was strongly dependent on particle size. The thickness ranged from around 22–67 nm for Cu powder with a 10 µm average particle size (APS) and around 850–1050 nm for one with less than 149 µm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Native Oxide Shell of Copper Metal Powder Spherical Particles

Mahmoud

2022

Materials

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“…Indirect and selective heating allows for the enhanced control of the drying procedure, a reduction in equipment dimensions, and a decrease in waste generation [11,12]. Preliminary studies suggested that heat is transferred due to the interaction of dielectric molecules with microwaves [13]. Furthermore, the induced energy appears as heat through molecular friction, resulting in a more even distribution of heat and lower activation energy due to the high atomic mobility of the crystal structure [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-stage microwave-assisted activated carbon preparation from Langsat peel raw material for adsorption of iron, manganese and copper from acid mining waste

Ni'mah,

Juliastuti,

Mahfud

2023

CST

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This study describes the efficacy of microwave technology for the preparation of an activated carbon from Lansium domesticum peel as an adsorbent to adsorb Fe, Cu, and Mn from acid mine waste. In contrast to the conventional pyrolytic carbonization technique, the described method demonstrated several unparalleled advantages, including superior energy efficiency and remarkably rapid processing. The reported microwave irradiation method was able readily to achieve a morphology and extensive surface area similar to that of a sample produced using the traditional pyrolytic carbonization method for 2 hours, and this was accomplished in just 10 minutes. The activated carbon obtained was characterized using SEM-EDX, BET-BJH, and proximate test and applied to adsorb metal ions from acid mine waste to evaluate the isothermal adsorption model. The best power for activated carbon production was 400 watts for 10 minutes, which met the requirements of ASTM D 4607 for determining the iodine value of activated carbon. Optimal mass for adsorbing Fe, Cu, and Mn from acid mine waste was 4 grams with the removal percentages of 94.08%, 83.69%, and 90.67%, respectively. BET surface area was 1367.0385 m2/g along with a BJH cumulative volume and an average pore diameter of 1.112 cm3/g and 2.25 nm, respectively. This suggests that it possesses mesoporous characteristics and adheres to the Langmuir model during the adsorption process, signifying monolayer adsorption. Meanwhile, kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order rate equation.

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“…This phenomenon is also termed as Maxwell-Wagner effect [28]. Mostly Charcoal, Silicon Carbide, and Graphite powder are used as susceptor for MHH technique [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative performance of various susceptor materials and vertical cavity shapes for selective microwave hybrid heating (SMHH)

Rawat¹,

Samyal²,

Bedi³

et al. 2022

Phys. Scr.

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The microwave processing of materials is gaining popularity over the past decade due to its unique heating abilities. The microwave hybrid heating (MHH) technique has effectively processed bulk metallic materials. MHH is assisted by susceptor material which forces metals to absorb microwave radiations. Further, MHH is modified to selective microwave hybrid heating (SMHH) to increase the efficiency of the process. This work examines the performance of Graphite and Charcoal susceptors with a conical vertical cavity for SMHH using FEM simulation. It is observed that the maximum temperature achieved by Graphite was 215 ℃ at an exposure time of 300 s, whereas, for Charcoal susceptor, it is 655 ℃. Further, the effect of different vertical cavity shapes (cylindrical and conical) on the SMHH technique is presented for Charcoal susceptor. For an exposure time of 300 s, the temperature rise in the conical and cylindrical cavity is 655 ℃ and 319 ℃, respectively. From resistive heat flow, time-temperature profile and temperature distribution, it is clear how SMHH is significantly effective for a conical vertical cavity having Charcoal susceptor. In addition, the performance of the conical vertical cavity having Charcoal susceptor was validated through experimental study. The real-time temperature profile was determined through testo 885/ testo 890 thermal imaging camera. The observed maximum temperature of the susceptor after heating for 300 s was 639.9 ℃.

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Microwave hybrid heating (MHH) of Ni-based alloy powder on Ni and steel-based metals –A review on fundamentals and parameters

Cited by 11 publications

References 93 publications

Characterization of the Native Oxide Shell of Copper Metal Powder Spherical Particles

Characterization of the Native Oxide Shell of Copper Metal Powder Spherical Particles

One-stage microwave-assisted activated carbon preparation from Langsat peel raw material for adsorption of iron, manganese and copper from acid mining waste

Comparative performance of various susceptor materials and vertical cavity shapes for selective microwave hybrid heating (SMHH)

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