Microwave Imaging in Layered Media: 3-D Image Reconstruction From Experimental Data

Yu, Chunyang; Yuan, Mengqing; Zhang, Yangjun; Stang, John; George, R.T.; Ybarra, Gary; Joines, William T.

doi:10.1109/tap.2009.2037770

Cited by 44 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…One way is to construct it mechanically by moving physically the emitters and the receivers all around the illuminated zone. This is what has been done in a free space environment [3][4][5], in a liquid environment [6,7] or above a buried target [8,9] for example. Another possibility is to construct it electronically with a fixed array of antennas, each pair of emitter/receiver being selected thanks to hyperfrequency switches or any kind of multiplexer/demultiplexer devices, e.g., [10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

On the Calibration of a Multistatic Scattering Matrix Measured by a Fixed Circular Array of Antennas

Litman¹,

Geffrin²,

Tortel³

2010

PIER

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Abstract-The calibration of the multistatic scattering matrix plays an important part in the construction of a quantitative microwave imaging system.For scattering measurement applications, the calibration must be performed on the amplitude and on the phase of the fields of interest. When the antennas are not completely identical, as for example with a multiplexed antennas array, a specific calibration procedure must be constructed. In the present work, we explain how a complex calibration matrix can be defined which takes advantage of the geometrical organization of the antennas. Indeed, for arrays of antennas positioned on a circle, the inherent symmetries of the configuration can be fully exploited by means of an adequate reorganization of the multistatic scattering matrix. In addition, the reorganization permits to detect antenna pairs which are not properly functioning and to estimate the signal-to-noise ratio. Experimental results obtained within a cylindrical cavity enclosed by a metallic casing are provided to assess the performance of the proposed calibration procedure.This calibration protocol, which is described here in detail, has already been applied to provide quantitative images of dielectric targets [1,2].

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

On the Calibration of a Multistatic Scattering Matrix Measured by a Fixed Circular Array of Antennas

Litman¹,

Geffrin²,

Tortel³

2010

PIER

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“…7(a), we mark the (real) optimal lossless values of the permittivity ε r2 for the three ground types (large markers) and the dielectric permittivity values depending on frequency f for 500 Hz < f 10 6 < 1000 Hz given by (18), (19) of the actual mixtures (series of small dots). In the case of very dry ground, the employed materials are lossless and non-dispersive; thus, the actual solution is identical to the ideal one (and hence we do not examine it further).…”

Section: B Practical Realizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Important characteristics of GPR methods are the number of utilized frequencies as well as the type of the primary field (pulse or harmonic wave). More precisely, harmonic primary fields are employed in combination with single-frequency measurements in [13]- [17] and with multiplefrequency ones in [12] and [18]- [20]. Moreover, GPR pulses (obviously possessing continuous spectrum) are alternatively considered as primary excitations in several studies implementing GPR techniques (indicatively, we cite [21]- [24]).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“Unlocking” the Ground: Increasing the Detectability of Buried Objects by Depositing Passive Superstrates

Valagiannopoulos

Tsitsas

Sihvola

2016

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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Abstract-One of the main problems when trying to detect the position and other characteristics of a small inclusion into lossy earth via external measurements is the inclusion's poor scattering response due to attenuation. Hence, increasing the scattered power generated by the inclusion by using not an active but a passive material is of great interest. To this direction, we examine, in this work, a procedure of "unlocking" the ground by depositing a thin passive layer of conventional material atop of it. The first step is to significantly enhance the transmission into a lossy half space, in the absence of the inclusion, by covering it with a passive slab. The redistribution of the fields into the slab and the infinite half space, due to the interplay of waves between the interfaces, makes possible to determine the thickness and permittivity of an optimal layer. The full boundary value problem (including the inclusion and the deposited superstrate) is solved semi-analytically via integral equations techniques. Then, the scattered power of the buried inclusion is compared to the corresponding quantity when no additional layer is present. We report substantial improvement in the detectability of the inclusion for several types of ground and burying depths by using conventional realizable passive materials. Implementation aspects in potential applications as well as possible future generalizations are also discussed. The developed technique may constitute an effective "configuration (structural) preprocessing" which may be used as a first step in the analysis of related problems before the application of an inverse scattering algorithm concerning the efficient processing of the scattering data.

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“…Reconstruction of targets buried in layered media using electromagnetic waves is an important research area in subsurface sensing [1]- [4]. In particular, such applications are common to detect hidden objects [5], microwave biomedical imaging [1], [6] and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of frequency information to the electromagnetic inverse scattering series method (EISSM)

Wang

Zhao

Lei

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE Radar Conference

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For subsurface sensing objects using electromagnetic waves, most of current imaging methods need priori information of exact dielectric properties of background media in order to accurately reconstruct the concealed targets. This condition is hardly satisfied in practice. Recently, an efficiently qualitative imaging method termed electromagnetic inverse scattering series method (EISSM) is developed to image the buried targets. EISSM reconstructs concealed targets in the layered media by only utilizing dielectric properties of free space. However, the effects of frequency information to the EISSM have never been discussed. In this paper, we analyze and discuss the effects of frequency information to the performance of EISSM when imaging the buried objects. Through some numerical simulations, EISSM can obtain favorable image results with a broad frequency spectrum of measured data.

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Microwave Imaging in Layered Media: 3-D Image Reconstruction From Experimental Data

Cited by 44 publications

References 36 publications

On the Calibration of a Multistatic Scattering Matrix Measured by a Fixed Circular Array of Antennas

On the Calibration of a Multistatic Scattering Matrix Measured by a Fixed Circular Array of Antennas

“Unlocking” the Ground: Increasing the Detectability of Buried Objects by Depositing Passive Superstrates

Effects of frequency information to the electromagnetic inverse scattering series method (EISSM)

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