Microwave Induced Carbon from Waste Palm Kernel Shell Activated by Phosphoric Acid

Yacob, Abdul Rahim

doi:10.7763/ijet.2013.v5.545

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The raw material (50 g) was ground and sieved to particle sizes between 75 and 250 lm, soaked and impregnated with 10 mL of 30 wt% of phosphoric acid, H 3 PO 4 , at room temperature as a pre-treatment procedure with the ratio of PKS to acid as 1:1. The purpose of the pre-treatment was to destroy the lignin and cellulose present in the raw PKS [29]. The sample was left impregnated for 24 h, washed with distilled water and dried at room temperature.…”

Section: Preparation Of Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and 50% wt/wt., respectively [29]. The pre-treated PKS was again treated using dilute acid (10, 20 and 30% wt/wt H 3 PO 4 ) to determine the resulting surface area at which if the surface area obtained using dilute acid is considered high, thus the utilization of concentrated acid can be reduced and the experiment will be more cost-effective.…”

Section: Preparation Of Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Synthesis and characterization of magnetic activated carbon developed from palm kernel shells

Anyika

Asri

Majid

et al. 2017

Nanotechnol. Environ. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Magnetic activated carbon (MG-AC), a solid product made by dispersing magnetic substrates on AC, is gaining attention for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater due to its favorable physico-chemical properties such as enhanced surface area and magnetic properties, respectively. However, the effects of two contrasting substrates, i.e., metal solution and metal particles, for the synthesis of MG-AC to obtain enhanced magnetic property have not been considered. The MG-AC was prepared by incorporating Fe 3 O 4 into the AC from two different sources of iron: Fe 3 O 4 extracted from electric arc furnace slag and from a ferric chloride/ferrous sulfate solution, to produce magnetic palm kernel shell from slag (MG-PKSS) and magnetic palm kernel shell from iron suspension (MG-PKSF), respectively. The adsorbent samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, i.e., SEM and FESEM, energy-dispersive X-ray, nitrogen adsorption, vibrating sample magnetometer. The results showed that the MG-PKSF had a greater BET surface area of 257 m 2 g -1 , a pore volume of 0.1124 cc g -1 and higher magnetic properties with a magnetic saturation of 49.55 emu g -1 relative to the MG-PKSS. The FTIR spectrum of the MG-PKSF illustrated the intense OH bending at 1629 cm -1 which can be attributed to the presence of oxygen in the samples. The absorption bands at 1093 and 579 cm -1 indicated the presence of C-O stretching and metal-oxygen (M-O) bands due to the interaction of iron and oxygen. Therefore, the MG-PKSF presented better characteristics for heavy metal removal from wastewater relative to the MG-PKSS, thereby suggesting that the raw material (metal solution) for impregnation played a crucial role in enhancing the quality of the MG-AC.

show abstract

Section: Preparation Of Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of magnetic activated carbon developed from palm kernel shells

Anyika

Asri

Majid

et al. 2017

Nanotechnol. Environ. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Despite the finding that pyrolysis at 500˝C leads to a low degree of carbonization [21,22], the present study showed acceptable electricity generation with AC ( Figure 2) and less internal resistance than with CP ( Figure 3). …”

Section: Performance Of Ac Relative To Cpmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…This electrode material can be produced in rural communities and would require little education. In the AC form, palm kernel shells have high porosity, large internal surface area and high strength, which are important physical properties for an MFC [20][21][22]. The pore volumes have been found to 0.003-0.01 cm 3 /g of mesopores and to 0.011-0.11 cm 3 /g of micropores [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Viable Electrode Material for Use in Microbial Fuel Cells for Tropical Regions

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electrode materials are critical for microbial fuel cells (MFC) since they influence the construction and operational costs. This study introduces a simple and efficient electrode material in the form of palm kernel shell activated carbon (AC) obtained in tropical regions. The novel introduction of this material is also targeted at introducing an inexpensive and durable electrode material, which can be produced in rural communities to improve the viability of MFCs. The maximum voltage and power density obtained (under 1000 Ω load) using an H-shaped MFC with AC as both anode and cathode electrode material was 0.66 V and 1.74 W/m 3 , respectively. The power generated by AC was as high as 86% of the value obtained with the extensively used carbon paper. Scanning electron microscopy and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of AC anode biofilms confirmed that electrogenic bacteria were present on the electrode surface for substrate oxidation and the formation of nanowires.

show abstract

“…Based on research [40] relatively to conventional heating Processes, microwaves activated carbon developed from apple pulp and apple peel using phosphoric acid as activating agent show a high BET surface areas and mesopore volumes after a shorter activation time due to differences in the type of heat transfer between these two processes. In addition, a group of researcher [41] carried out an investigation using waste palm kernel shells and was able to obtain microwave-induced high surface area; chemical activated carbon successfully developed using phosphoric acid. The microwave developed activated carbons were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Nitrogen Gas Adsorption analysis and Thermal Analysis respectively.…”

Section: Steps Involved In Development Of Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Promising Precursors for Development of Activated Carbon: Agricultural Waste Materials- A Review

2018

IJASRE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Microwave Induced Carbon from Waste Palm Kernel Shell Activated by Phosphoric Acid

Cited by 24 publications

References 7 publications

Synthesis and characterization of magnetic activated carbon developed from palm kernel shells

Synthesis and characterization of magnetic activated carbon developed from palm kernel shells

A Viable Electrode Material for Use in Microbial Fuel Cells for Tropical Regions

The Promising Precursors for Development of Activated Carbon: Agricultural Waste Materials- A Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About