Microwave induced pyrolysis of oil palm biomass

Salema, Arshad Adam; Ani, Farid Nasir

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.115

Cited by 267 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In general, water is well known as good microwave energy absorber due to its dielectric property and nature [7], [13], and [14]. The result in the present study highlights the moisture develops high polarization in OPT core once the microwave encounter OPT core.…”

Section: B Effect Of Moisture Contentsupporting

confidence: 52%

Dielectric Properties of Oil Palm Trunk Core

Jie¹,

Abdullah²,

Yusof³

et al. 2015

JOCET

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Abstract-Recent development in microwave-assisted processing of biomass materials has significantly created a need for fundamental study to understand the dielectric properties of these biomass feedstock, which could give further insight about interaction between microwave energy and biomass. In the present study, dielectric properties of oil palm trunk (OPT) core were investigated using an open-ended coaxial probe method. The dielectric properties of OPT core were determined as a function of controlling factors such as microwave frequency, biomass moisture content and fibre directions (radial, tangential and cross section). The results showed that dielectric constant of OPT core was decreased with the increasing of frequency. For dielectric loss and loss tangent, a similar trend was observed but only at low frequency (<1.8 GHz). The dielectric constant and loss of OPT core were positively correlated with its moisture content for all fibre directions. In terms of magnitude of dielectric constant and loss, radial direction showed the highest value compared to cross section and tangential which suggests radial direction has the optimum electromagnetic energy absorption and conversion.Index Terms-Oil palm trunk core, dielectric constant, dielectric loss, loss tangent. I. INTRODUCTIONAs main exporter of oil palm, Malaysia has a large area of oil palm plantation. Until December 2012, there were 5.08 million ha area of oil palm plantation covering 15% of the total land area in Malaysia [1]. Oil palm tree has short productivity life span about 25 years. During replanting, it is estimated that around 74 t/ha dry oil palm trunk (OPT) logs are produced giving availability of around 13.6 million OPT logs/year for every 100,000 hectares plantations [2]. The abundant OPT logs are mostly utilized in saw-wood, lumber, plywood, flooring and furniture manufacturing [3], [4]. In the manufacturing of plywood, only the outer part of OPT logs was peeled to be further processed into plywood while the core part comprised only soft parenchyma tissue was left out as waste [5]. The core waste could be converted into cattle feed or further processed into biofuel.For waste conversion of biomass into biofuel and materials, microwave-assisted processes such as microwavepyrolysis and microwave-drying are increasingly applied [2], [6]- [8]. Unlike conventional heat source, microwave energy has several advantageous including volumetric heating allowing bulky and high moisture biomass to be processed, minimize secondary reaction to optimize product yield also permits rapid heating therefore cost and time-saving [6] [11]. The mechanism of microwave energy on biomass involves the transport of the electrical charges by the ions present in the biomass cell wall and cellulose. Once the microwave is encountered the biomass, randomly oriented dipoles in dielectric material align themselves in a direction opposite to applied external electric field. The molecules absorb the energy and store as potential energy. By the mechanism of ionic conduction and d...

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Section: B Effect Of Moisture Contentsupporting

confidence: 52%

Dielectric Properties of Oil Palm Trunk Core

Jie¹,

Abdullah²,

Yusof³

et al. 2015

JOCET

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“…This relates directly to the different mechanism of microwave heating as opposed to conventional heating. Indeed, while conventional heating occurs through convection [20,21], microwave heating is more volumetric, activating the biomass instantly as a whole [22]. This combined with the overall lower reaction temperature (200 -350 °C) limits the probability of secondary cracking reactions responsible for creating gaseous products.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conventional and microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass under different heating rates

Budarin

Gronnow³

et al. 2014

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

145

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Abstract:Biomass was subjected to conventional and microwave pyrolysis, to determine the influence of each process on the yield and composition of the derived gas, oil and char products.The influence of pyrolysis temperature and heating rate for the conventional pyrolysis and the microwave power was investigated. Two major stages of gas release were observed during biomass pyrolysis, the first being CO/CO 2 and the second one CH 4 /H 2 . This two-stage gas release was much more obvious for the conventional pyrolysis. While similar yield of liquid was obtained for both cases of conventional and microwave pyrolysis (~46 wt.%), higher gas yield was produced for the conventional pyrolysis; it is suggested that microwave pyrolysis is much faster. When the heating rate was increased, the peak release of CO and CO 2 was moved to higher reaction temperature for both conventional (500 °C) and microwave pyrolysis (200 °C). The production of CH 4 and H 2 were very low at a conventional pyrolysis temperature of 310 °C and microwave pyrolysis temperature of 200 °C (600 and 900 W). However, at higher heating rate of microwave pyrolysis, clear release of CH 4 was observed. This work tentatively demonstrates possible connections and difference for biomass pyrolysis using two different heating resources (conventional and microwave heating).

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“…Because microwave-assisted heating has the merits of internal and rapid heating, large-size samples can be heated to reduce the pretreatment processes of raw materials. Microwave pyrolysis has attracted increasing interests by many researchers (Salema and Ani, 2011;Luque et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugarcane Bagasse Pyrolysis in a Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere with Conventional and Microwave-Assisted Heating

Lin

Chen

2015

Front. Energy Res.

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Pyrolysis is an important thermochemical method to convert biomass into bio-oil. In this study, the pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse in a CO 2 atmosphere under conventional and microwave-assisted heating is investigated to achieve CO 2 utilization. In the microwave pyrolysis, charcoal is used as the microwave absorber to aid in pyrolysis reactions. The results indicate that the yields of pyrolysis products are greatly influenced by the heating modes. In the conventional heating, the prime product is bio-oil and its yield is in the range of 51-54 wt%, whereas biochar is the major product in microwave-assisted heating and its yield ranges from 61 to 84 wt%. Two different absorber blending ratios of 0.1 and 0.3 are considered in the microwave pyrolysis. The solid yield decreases when the absorber blending ratio decreases from 0.3 to 0.1, while the gas and liquid yields increase. This is attributed to more energy consumed for bagasse pyrolysis at the lower blending ratio. Hydrogen is produced under the microwave pyrolysis and its concentration is between 2 and 12 vol%. This arises from the fact that the secondary cracking of vapors and the secondary decomposition of biochar in an environment with microwave irradiation is easier than those with conventional heating.

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Microwave induced pyrolysis of oil palm biomass

Cited by 267 publications

References 24 publications

Dielectric Properties of Oil Palm Trunk Core

Dielectric Properties of Oil Palm Trunk Core

Conventional and microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass under different heating rates

Sugarcane Bagasse Pyrolysis in a Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere with Conventional and Microwave-Assisted Heating

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