“…In normal practice, gross thermal effects are quantitatively established through dosimetry in which the power density of microwave radiation is experimentally linked [8,12] under controlled laboratory studies, to the transducted heat resulting from radiation energy absorbed by the whole-body under exposure; whereas, the so-called athermal effects are identified through observed epidemiological findings, which by their nature are uncontrolled. Cerebral and central nervous Systems [4,19,35] cardiac [28] and hemodynamical activities [10,11], embryo in utero [16,24], ocular Systems [6,22,23] and implanted devices [25] are a few typical examples of such vital Systems/ activities which have been subjected to rigourous studies in order to formulate and quantify the indices relating the causal phenomena and resultant efects under radiation environment. Cerebral and central nervous Systems [4,19,35] cardiac [28] and hemodynamical activities [10,11], embryo in utero [16,24], ocular Systems [6,22,23] and implanted devices [25] are a few typical examples of such vital Systems/ activities which have been subjected to rigourous studies in order to formulate and quantify the indices relating the causal phenomena and resultant efects under radiation environment.…”