Microwave irradiation of rats at 2.45 GHZ activates pinocytotic‐like uptake of tracer by capillary endothelial cells of cerebral cortex

Neubauer, C. F.; Phelan, Anne M.; Kues, Henry A.; Lange, David G.

doi:10.1002/bem.2250110402

Cited by 72 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Literature data reported an increased calcium ion exit from neurons in rats exposed to microwave radiation with the frequency of 2.45 GHz (19). Microwave radiation also causes conformational changes in proteins, β-lactoglobulins (20) and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of melatonin on body mass and behaviour of rats during an exposure to microwave radiation from mobile phone

Djordjević¹,

Kocić²,

Babović³

et al. 2012

BLL

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Abstract:Background: Microwave radiation (MW) produced by wireless telecommunications and a number of electrical devices used in household or in healthcare institutions may cause various disorders in human organism. On the other hand, melatonin is a potent antioxidant, immunostimulator and neuromodulator. The aim of this research was to determine body mass and behaviour changes in rats after a chronic microwave exposure, as well as to determine the effects of melatonin on body mass and behaviour in irradiated rats. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into the four experimental groups: I group (control) -rats treated with 0,9 % saline, II group (Mel) -rats treated with melatonin (2 mg/kg), III group (MW) -rats exposed to MW radiation (4 h/day), IV group (MW+Mel) -rats, which were both exposed to MW radiation and received melatonin premedication (2 mg/kg). Results: A signifi cant body mass reduction was noted in animals exposed to MW radiation when compared to controls after 20, 40 and 60 days (p<0.001). Furthermore, body weight was signifi cantly increased (p<0.05) in irradiated rats, which received melatonin pretreatment (MW+Mel) in comparison to irradiated group (MW) after 20 days. Microwave radiation exposed animals showed an anxiety related behaviour (agitation, irritability) after 10 days of exposure. After the radiation source removal, changes in behaviour were less noticeable. Melatonin administration to irradiated rats caused a decrease in the stress induced behaviour. Conclusion: Microwave radiation causes body mass decrease and anxiety related behaviour in rats, however melatonin causes a reverse of those effects on both body weight and behaviour of irradiated animals (Fig. 2

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of melatonin on body mass and behaviour of rats during an exposure to microwave radiation from mobile phone

Djordjević¹,

Kocić²,

Babović³

et al. 2012

BLL

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“…However, knowledge of the underlying biophysical mechanisms is lacking. The EMF eects on cell membranes have been discussed as`p robably the major primary tissue site of interaction with environmental ELF (extremely low frequency) and ELF modulated RF (radio frequency) microwave ®elds'' (Adey 1997), on the calcium homeostasis of cells Adey 1973, 1974;Bawin et al 1975;Bawin and Adey 1976;Blackman et al 1985), on neurotransmitter systems (Dutta et al 1992;Kolomytkin et al 1994) or on permeability of the blood-brain barrier (Merritt et al 1978;Albert and Kerns 1981;Lin and Lin 1982;Neubauer et al 1990;Persson et al 1992;Salford et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwaves emitted by cellular telephones affect human slow brain potentials

Freude¹,

Ullsperger²,

Eggert³

et al. 2000

Eur J Appl Physiol

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The influence of electromagnetic fields (EMF) emitted by cellular telephones on preparatory slow brain potentials (SP) was studied in two experiments, about 6 months apart. In the first experiment, a significant decrease of SP was found during exposure to EMF in a complex visual monitoring task (VMT). This effect was replicated in the second experiment. In addition to the VMT, EMF effects on SP were analysed in two further, less demanding tasks: in a simple finger movement task to elicit a Bereitschaftspotential (BP) and in a two-stimulus task to elicit a contingent negative variation (CNV). In comparison to the VMT, no significant main EMF effects were found in BP and CNV tasks. The results accounted for a selective EMF effect on particular aspects of human information processing, but did not indicate any influence on human performance, well-being and health.

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“…The effects of exposure to EMW in the UHF range on the permeability of the blood±brain barrier (BBB) have been extensively studied [Frey et al, 1982;Ward et al, 1982;Goldman et al, 1984;Quock et al, 1986;Neubauer et al, 1990;Moriyama et al, 1991;Persson et al, 1992;Salford et al, 1994;Fritze et al,1997]. The BBB maintains the homeostatic environment of the brain by restricting the entry of high molecular weight or water-soluble molecules into the brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors have claimed that exposure to EMW increased the permeability of the BBB. The increase in the permeability of BBB in most of these studies, however, seems to depend on the thermal effects of EMW, that is in elevations of brain temperature, and not by its direct effect [Frey et al, 1975;Oscar and Hawkins, 1977;Merritt et al, 1978;Sutton and Carrol, 1979;Albert and Kerns, 1981;Lin and Lin, 1982;Goldman et al, 1984;Quock et al, 1986;Neubauer et al, 1990;Moriyama et al, 1991;Persson et al, 1992]. In two recent studies [Salford et al, 1994;Fritze et al, 1997], the athermal effect of the high frequency EMW on the permeability of the BBB was investigated, and an increased permeability of the BBB was reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological and morphological effects on the brain after exposure of rats to a 1439 MHz TDMA field

Tsurita

Nagawa

Ueno

et al. 2000

Bioelectromagnetics

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We investigated the effects of exposure to a 1439 MHz TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) field, as used in cellular phones, on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), on the morphological changes of the brain, and on body-mass fluctuations. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into three groups of eight rats each. The rats in the EM(+) group, which had their heads arrayed in a circle near the central antenna of an exposure system, were exposed to a 1439 MHz field for one hour a day. The rats in EM(-) group were also in the exposure system, however, without high-frequency electromagnetic wave (HF-EMW) exposure. The animals in the control group were neither placed in the system nor exposed to HF-EMWs. The exposure period was two or four weeks. The energy dose rate peaked at 2 W/kg in the brain; the average over the whole body was 0.25 W/kg. The changes in the permeability of BBB were investigated by Evans blue injection method and by immunostaining of serum albumin. HF-EMWs had no effect on the permeability of BBB. The morphological changes in the cerebellum were investigated by assessing the degeneration of Purkinje cells and the cell concentration in the granular layer. No significant changes were observed in the groups of rats exposed to HF-EMWs for two or four weeks. Averaged body masses were not affected by HF-EMWs exposure. In conclusion, a 1439 MHz TDMA field did not induce observable changes in the permeability of the BBB, morphological changes in the cerebellums, or body mass changes in rats, as evaluated by the conventional methods.

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Microwave irradiation of rats at 2.45 GHZ activates pinocytotic‐like uptake of tracer by capillary endothelial cells of cerebral cortex

Cited by 72 publications

References 24 publications

The effect of melatonin on body mass and behaviour of rats during an exposure to microwave radiation from mobile phone

The effect of melatonin on body mass and behaviour of rats during an exposure to microwave radiation from mobile phone

Microwaves emitted by cellular telephones affect human slow brain potentials

Biological and morphological effects on the brain after exposure of rats to a 1439 MHz TDMA field

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