Microwave Losses in a DC Magnetic Field in Superconducting Cavities for Axion Studies

Gioacchino, D. Di; Gatti, C.; Alesini, D.; Ligi, C.; Tocci, S.; Rettaroli, A.; Carugno, G.; Crescini, N.; Ruoso, G.; Braggio, C.; Falferi, P.; Gallo, C. S.; Gambardella, U.; Iannone, G.; Lamanna, G.; Lombardi, A.; Mezzena, R.; Ortolan, A.; Pengo, R.; Silva, Enrico; Pompeo, Nicola

doi:10.1109/tasc.2019.2897267

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In a recent analysis [22], the variation of the surface resistance of this cavity with the magnetic field was interpreted taking into account the vortex-motion con-tribution within the Gittleman and Rosenblum (GR) model [23,24]. In particular, the depinning frequency [23] was estimated to be about 44 GHz.…”

Section: A Superconducting Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Below this frequency, losses due to vortex motion are suppressed, while they are maximal at higher frequency where the flux-flow resistivity reaches the value ρ ff = c ff ρ n B/B c2 . Here, B is the applied DC field, c ff = 0.044 is a correction taking into account mutual orientation of fluxons and microwave currents, ρ n = 7.0 × 10 −7 Ωm is NbTi resistivity in the normal state and B c2 = 13 T × 1 − (T /T c ) 2 is the temperature dependent critical field [22]. Comparing the surface resistance derived from the GR model with these parameters and the anomalous surface resistance of Cu we estimated, for different values of the applied field, the crossing frequency for which the losses in NbTi are equal to the losses in Cu.…”

Section: A Superconducting Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Galactic axions search with a superconducting resonant cavity

et al. 2019

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To account for the dark matter content in our Universe, post-inflationary scenarios predict for the QCD axion a mass in the range (10 − 10 3 ) µeV. Searches with haloscope experiments in this mass range require the monitoring of resonant cavity modes with frequency above 5 GHz, where several experimental limitations occur due to linear amplifiers, small volumes, and low quality factors of Cu resonant cavities. In this paper we deal with the last issue, presenting the result of a search for galactic axions using a haloscope based on a 36 cm 3 NbTi superconducting cavity. The cavity worked at T = 4 K in a 2 T magnetic field and exhibited a quality factor Q0 = 4.5 × 10 5 for the TM010 mode at 9 GHz. With such values of Q the axion signal is significantly increased with respect to copper cavity haloscopes. Operating this setup we set the limit gaγγ < 1.03 × 10 −12 GeV −1 on the axion photon coupling for a mass of about 37 µeV. A comprehensive study of the NbTi cavity at different magnetic fields, temperatures, and frequencies is also presented.

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Section: A Superconducting Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Superconducting Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Galactic axions search with a superconducting resonant cavity

et al. 2019

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“…1. 2 The surface impedance Z measurements have been performed by means of a dielectric resonator used in the endwall replacement configuration. By exciting the TE 011 mode (resonant frequency f res ∼ 47.9 GHz) through a two-port connection (transmission operation), the frequency dependent resonant curve is measured and fitted, yielding the unloaded quality factor Q and f res [12] from which, through standard e.m. theory [13], Z is computed as:…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This reality is recently changing thanks to the maturity that technological materials are achieving, together with the even more demanding requirements for devices like accelerating cavities [1]. A similar effect in terms of revamped interest is coming from emerging fields like the hunt for galactic axions [2], as well as future implementation of particles colliders [3]. The dominant approach for making one of the most promising high-T c superconductors, YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ (YBCO), available on large (namely long, in view of cable applications) areas is the so-called coated conductor technology [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vortex Pinning and Flux Flow Microwave Studies of Coated Conductors

Pompeo

Torokhtii

Alimenti

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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Demanding microwave applications in a magnetic field require the material optimization not only in zero-field but, more important, in the in-field flux motion dominated regime. However, the effect of artificial pinning centers (APC) remains unclear at high frequency. Moreover, in coated conductors the evaluation of the high frequency material properties is difficult due to the complicated electromagnetic problem of a thin superconducting film on a buffered metal substrate. In this paper we present an experimental study at 48 GHz of 150-200 nm YBa2Cu3O7−x coated conductors, with and without APCs, on buffered Ni-5at%W tapes. By properly addressing the electromagnetic problem of the extraction of the superconductor parameters from the measured overall surface impedance Z, we are able to extract and to comment on the London penetration depth, the flux flow resistivity and the pinning constant, highlighting the effect of artificial pinning centers in these samples.

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“…Their R s is evaluated in the expected operative conditions of haloscopes, starting from the studies of the vortex motion properties performed on these materials. In particular, the data used to perform the analysis on Nb 3 Sn and NbTi are taken, respectively, from [16,17], whereas those used to analyse the performances of YBCO and FeSeTe were measured specifically for this study. From R s , the figures of merit B 2 Q of the perspective haloscopes, based on the cylindrical geometry shown in [11,17] and coated with these materials, are computed and compared.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Superconductors’ Properties on the Measurement Sensitivity of Resonant-Based Axion Detectors

et al. 2021

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Axions, hypothetical particles theorised to solve the strong CP problem, are presently being considered as strong candidates for cold dark matter constituents. The signal power of resonant-based axion detectors, known as haloscopes, is directly proportional to their quality factor Q. In this paper, the impact of the use of superconductors on the performances of haloscopes is studied by evaluating the obtainable Q. In particular, the surface resistance Rs of NbTi, Nb3Sn, YBa2Cu3O7−δ, and FeSe0.5Te0.5 is computed in the frequency, magnetic field, and temperature ranges of interest, starting from the measured vortex motion complex resistivity and the screening lengths of these materials. From Rs, the quality factor Q of a cylindrical haloscope with copper conical bases and a superconductive lateral wall, operating with the TM010 mode, is evaluated and used to perform a comparison of the performances of the different materials. Both YBa2Cu3O7−δ and FeSe0.5Te0.5 are shown to improve the measurement sensitivity by almost an order of magnitude, with respect to a whole Cu cavity, while NbTi is shown to be suitable only at lower frequencies (<10 GHz). Nb3Sn can provide an intermediate improvement of the whole spectrum of interest.

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Microwave Losses in a DC Magnetic Field in Superconducting Cavities for Axion Studies

Cited by 30 publications

References 33 publications

Galactic axions search with a superconducting resonant cavity

Galactic axions search with a superconducting resonant cavity

Vortex Pinning and Flux Flow Microwave Studies of Coated Conductors

Impact of Superconductors’ Properties on the Measurement Sensitivity of Resonant-Based Axion Detectors

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