Microwave–material interaction phenomena: Heating mechanisms, challenges and opportunities in material processing

Microwave Rapid Sintering of Al-Metal Matrix Composites: A Review on the Effect of Reinforcements, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

“…Microwave heating characteristics of metal-based materials are different from dielectric materials, as no internal electrical field is induced in metals due to the high conductivity [22]. Microwave heating of metal-based materials depends on the depth of penetration, i.e., skin depth (d).…”

“…Microwave heating characteristics of metal-based materials are different from dielectric materials, as no internal electrical field is induced in metals due to the high conductivity [22]. Heating mechanism for (a) conventional heating from the outer to the inner surface and (b) microwave heating from the inner to the outer surface [20].…”

Microwave-Absorbing Characteristics and XRD Characterization of Magnetic Separation Products of Reductive Products of Ilmenite Concentrate

“…For metallurgical engineering fields with microwaves, Peng and Hwang (2015) have recently reviewed the application of microwave energy in the metallurgy field, with emphasis on both fundamentals of microwave heating and recent experimental efforts on extractive metallurgy via pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical routes [10], concluding that the next stage of research required to advance applications of microwave energy in industry should be focused on a combination of reactor design, electromagnetic measurement and simulation, ensuring that the full benefits of microwave heating can be realized, highlighting the imperativeness of investigations on the microwave absorbing characteristics of materials and minerals [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. So far, however, there has been little discussion about the microwave absorbing characteristics of materials and minerals, resulting in difficulties in investigating the interaction mechanism between microwaves and materials, which limits the application of microwave heating in the industry, especially in the chemical and metallurgical industry [16].…”

“…has blossomed. A number of potential applications of microwave heating in the fields of chemistry, metallurgical engineering, the mineral or materials processing, synthesis of carbon nanomaterials, solid state synthesis of inorganic materials, preparation of inorganic nanostructures in liquid phase, synthesis of metal-organic frameworks, drying and environmental engineering etc., have been intensively investigated, and many aspects of them have been thoroughly reviewed [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], reflecting the fast development of microwave technology. It has well been documented that advantages in utilizing microwave technologies for processing minerals and materials compared with conventional heating include penetrating radiation, controlled electric field distribution, and selective and volumetric heating.…”

Comparative Analysis of Microwave based Joining/Welding of SS304-SS304 using Different Interfacing Materials

“…In microwave heating the material is subjected to an electromagnetic waves that oscillates the molecules of material, there by producing heat. Microwaves are directly absorbed by the material in this manner thereby causing volumetric heating [9].…”