Microwaves in Organic Synthesis 2006
DOI: 10.1002/9783527619559.ch1
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Microwave‐Material Interactions and Dielectric Properties, Key Ingredients for Mastery of Chemical Microwave Processes

Abstract: The main focus of the revised edition of this first chapter is essentially the same as the original -to explain in a chemically intelligible fashion the physical origin of microwave-matter interactions and, especially, the theory of dielectric relaxation of polar molecules. This revised version contains approximately 60% new material to scan a large range of reaction media able to be heated by microwave heating. The accounts presented are intended to be illustrative rather than exhaustive. They are planned to … Show more

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Cited by 50 publications
(38 citation statements)
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“…For molecular dipoles, however, the thermal energy counteracts this tendency and the system finally reaches a new statistical equilibrium and the medium becomes slightly anisotropic. 21 The RF insertion losses we observe in this work stem from polarizations due to the reorientation of terminated dangling bonds, and the peak frequency, f p in Figure 3, represents the upper limits of the frequency range in which the functionalized dangling bonds can perfectly keep up with rotating applied electric fields. Thus, it is possible to delineate the various charge transport mechanisms using a broad band radio-frequency excitation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…For molecular dipoles, however, the thermal energy counteracts this tendency and the system finally reaches a new statistical equilibrium and the medium becomes slightly anisotropic. 21 The RF insertion losses we observe in this work stem from polarizations due to the reorientation of terminated dangling bonds, and the peak frequency, f p in Figure 3, represents the upper limits of the frequency range in which the functionalized dangling bonds can perfectly keep up with rotating applied electric fields. Thus, it is possible to delineate the various charge transport mechanisms using a broad band radio-frequency excitation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As discussed below, while changes were observed in both the reflection (S 11 , S 22 ) as well as in the insertion loss (S 12 , S 21 ), we chose to use the latter as metrics for monitoring the defects in the liner dielectric. 21 ) magnitude (the real part of the loss function), in the measured RF range, of an 'asprocessed' / 'as-received' and after 500 thermal cycles of a prototypical TSV sample selected from the top left quadrant of a 300 mm wafer. The S 21 magnitude spectrum after thermal cycling was much different from that of the 'as-received' sample.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…9b contains many small nano-scale crystalline areas. These small crystals (indicated with a white dotted line around the perimiter) may have formed due the migration of Ti ions which may occur due to the rapid microwave heating and the presence of microwave induced vibrations [50,51]. Different lattice planes were observed for both Sn and nano crystals in the HRTEM images.…”
Section: Microstructure Characterizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The interaction of microwaves with matter is quantified by the two complex physical quantities; dielectric permittivity, ε, and permeability (magnetic susceptibility), μ [15]. In reality, the permittivity and permeability are complex quantities which are defined as ε* and μ*, respectively, as shown in Eqs.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%