Microwave Phosphine‐Plasma‐Assisted Ultrafast Synthesis of Halogen‐Doped Ru/RuP₂ with Surface Intermediate Adsorption Modulation for Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Abstract

Anionic modification engineering is a crucial approach to develop highly efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction. Herein, halogen elements (X = Cl, Br, and I)‐modified Ru‐based nanosheets (X‐Ru/RuP2) are designed by rapid and eco‐friendly microwave‐phosphide plasma approach within 60 s. Experimental and density functional theory calculations verify that the introduced halogen element, especially Br, can optimize the surface intermediates adsorption. Specially, the designed Br‐Ru/RuP2 favors the water dissociation and following hydrogen adsorption/desorption process. Then, the as‐synthesized Br‐Ru/RuP2 exhibits low overpotential of 34 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2 coupled with small Tafel slope of 27 mV dec−1 in alkaline electrolyte with excellent long‐term stability. Moreover, the electrocatalytic performances in acid and neutral media are also boosted via Br element modification. This work paves a novel way to regulate the electronic structure of Ru‐based compounds, and then can boost the electrocatalytic kinetics.

A Comprehensive Pyrolysis Mechanism of Binuclear Chromium-Based Complexes for Superior OER Activity

“…For Cr 2 O 3 and CrN, the rate-determining step (RDS) is the last step, *OOH + OH – – e – > * + O 2 + H 2 O, where * is the electrocatalyst. The RDS for the CrO 3 model is as follows: *O + OH – – e – > *OOH. − The reaction energy barriers for the RDS are 1.13, 1.20, and 1.10 eV for Cr 2 O 3 , CrN, and CrO 3 models, respectively. That is, CrO 3 has a much smaller barrier than CrN and Cr 2 O 3 .…”

Recent Advanced Developments and Prospects of Surface Functionalized MXenes-Based Hybrid Composites toward Electrochemical Water Splitting Applications

“…1,2 The global scientific community has suggested that the future energy pathway should be carbon-neutralization to tackle these environmental challenges and lessen the ecosystem damage caused by burning of fossil fuels. 3,4 To date, various technologies such as solar power, wind power, hydropower, and hydrogen fuel cell systems have been developed as alternatives to conventional fossil fuels, aiming to harness clean and sustainable energy sources. 5−7 Also, in recent years, electrochemical energy generation techniques have received much attention due to their capability to supply clean, renewable energy on a large scale.…”

“…Engineering highly efficient and sustainable electrocatalysts has become a significant area of research due to the ever-growing energy needs, energy crisis, and increasing global warming, which has forced us to emphasize the development of clean, green, and sustainable energy production technologies. , The global scientific community has suggested that the future energy pathway should be carbon-neutralization to tackle these environmental challenges and lessen the ecosystem damage caused by burning of fossil fuels. , To date, various technologies such as solar power, wind power, hydropower, and hydrogen fuel cell systems have been developed as alternatives to conventional fossil fuels, aiming to harness clean and sustainable energy sources. − Also, in recent years, electrochemical energy generation techniques have received much attention due to their capability to supply clean, renewable energy on a large scale. Green hydrogen, generated through electrochemical processes, is widely regarded as a highly promising alternative for fulfilling future energy demands.…”

“…Green hydrogen, generated through electrochemical processes, is widely regarded as a highly promising alternative for fulfilling future energy demands. Its superior calorific value and environmentally friendly characteristics position it as a prime candidate for meeting energy needs sustainably . An active electrocatalyst with high conductivity is typically required to carry out the electrochemical water splitting to speed up the charge-transfer kinetics and reduce the overpotential of the two half-reactions, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). , Although noble metal-based composites exhibit favorable catalytic activity toward both reactions, they are prohibitively expensive and only partially effective in the overall water-splitting application.…”

“…Its superior calorific value and environmentally friendly characteristics position it as a prime candidate for meeting energy needs sustainably . An active electrocatalyst with high conductivity is typically required to carry out the electrochemical water splitting to speed up the charge-transfer kinetics and reduce the overpotential of the two half-reactions, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). , Although noble metal-based composites exhibit favorable catalytic activity toward both reactions, they are prohibitively expensive and only partially effective in the overall water-splitting application. Thus, it encourages significant efforts to find viable solutions that are both effective and affordable.…”