Microwave plasma for hydrogen production from liquids

Czylkowski, Dariusz; Hrycak, Bartosz; Miotk, Robert; Jasiński, M.; Mizeraczyk, J.; Dors, M.

doi:10.1515/nuka-2016-0031

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Many various embodiments of nonthermal plasma-assisted reformers of hydrocarbon liquid fuels have been proposed. Among them are reformers boosted, for example, by microwave plasma [18][19][20], low current-high voltage arc discharges [15,16], corona discharges [21], spark discharge [22] plasmas, gliding arc [17][18][19]23] etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Developed Plasmatron Design to Enhance Production of Hydrogen in Synthesis Gas Produced by a Fuel Reformer System

et al. 2022

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Feeding IC engines with hydrogen-rich syngas as an admixture to hydrocarbon fuels can decrease pollutant emissions, particularly NOx. It offers a potential technique for low-environmental impact hydrocarbon fuel use in automotive applications. However, hydrogen-rich reformate gas (syngas) production via fuel reforming still needs more research and optimization. In this paper, we describe the effect of a plasma torch assembly design on syngas yield and composition during plasma-assisted reforming of gasoline. Additionally, erosion resistance of the cathode-emitting material under the conditions of gasoline reforming was studied, using hafnium metal and lanthanated tungsten alloy. The gasoline reforming was performed with a noncatalytic, nonthermal, low-current plasma system in the conditions of partial oxidation in an air and steam mixture. To find the most efficient plasma torch assembly configuration in terms of hydrogen production yield, four types of anode design were tested, i.e., two types of the swirl ring, and two cathode materials while varying the inlet air and fuel flow rates. The experimental results showed that hydrogen was the highest proportion of the produced syngas. The smooth funnel shape anode design in Ring 1 at air/fuel flow rates of 24/4, 27/4.5, and 30/5 g/min, respectively, was more effective than the edged funnel shape. Lanthanated tungsten alloy displayed higher erosion resistance than hafnium metal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Developed Plasmatron Design to Enhance Production of Hydrogen in Synthesis Gas Produced by a Fuel Reformer System

et al. 2022

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“…In recent years, plasma has been used for ethanol reforming − to produce hydrogen. Xin et al studied hydrogen production from ethanol solution by pulsed discharge coupled with TiO 2 in this work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Production from Ethanol Reforming by a Microwave Discharge Using Air as a Working Gas

et al. 2021

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Hydrogen production from ethanol reforming using microwave plasmas has great potential. In this study, a microwave plasma torch is used as a plasma source. Air is used as a discharge gas to generate the plasma. Ethanol and air are mixed and injected directly into the plasma reaction zone in a vortex flow. The effects of the oxygen-to-ethanol molar ratio (O 2 /Et), ethanol flow rate, and absorbed microwave power on the reforming results are investigated. When the O 2 /Et exceeds 0.9, ethanol is completely converted. The hydrogen selectivity is the largest when the O 2 /Et is 1.1, which is about 66.5%. The maximum hydrogen production rate is 2.19 mol(H 2 )/mol(C 2 H 5 OH). The best carrier gas residence time is 0.64–0.81 s. An appropriate increase in the ethanol flow rate can improve the ethanol conversion rate and energy efficiency while reducing the hydrogen selectivity and hydrogen yield, so the ethanol flow rate should not exceed 42.1 mL/min. The cost of hydrogen production is minimum [$3.66/kg(H 2 )] when the ethanol flow rate is 42.1 mL/min. The positive effect of the absorbed microwave power on the reforming reaction is significant, but too much microwave power also reduces energy efficiency. The optimum experimental conditions are an O 2 /Et of 0.9, an ethanol flow rate of 42.1 mL/min, and an absorbed microwave power of 700 W. The maximum energy yield is 861.91 NL(H 2 )/kWh at an absorbed microwave power of 700 W. The main reforming products are H 2 , CO, CO 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 6 , C 3 H 8 , C 4 H 10 n, and C 4 H 10 i. The content of C2 or higher hydrocarbons is considerably low. Almost no deposited carbon is generated in the experiment, which means that the design of the reforming system is effective in suppressing carbon deposition.

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“…Microwave plasma sources (MPSs) generate plasmas, the temperature of which ranges from 300 K to 4000 K [1]. Such plasmas have a potential for wide applications in the industry, including gas treatment, decontamination of microorganisms, and surface treatment [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The use of microwave plasmas for hydrogen production is also of high interest [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After several decades of the development of MPS devices [1], the main challenges of MPS technique are: first, the further improvement in the efficiency of conversion of the microwave energy supplied by the microwave source into the microwave plasma, and second, generating the microwave plasma in the geometrical form suitable for unconventional applications, such as the plasma surface treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved conversion of the microwave energy into plasma in an optimized microwave plasma sheet source at 2.45 GHz designed for surface treatment

Miotk

Jasiński

Mizeraczyk

2021

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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Efficient conversion of the microwave energy into an atmospheric-pressure argon plasma in a microwave plasma sheet source (MPSS) operating at 2.45 GHz in ambient air is the subject of this work. The MPSSs, capable of providing an atmospheric pressure plasma in the shape of a narrow sheet are an innovative technology for variety of surface treatments with no impact on the environment. The existing designs of the MPSS exhibit unsatisfactory efficiency of the conversion of microwave energy produced by the microwave source into the microwave plasma (about 80%), which hinders implementation of the MPSSs in the industry. In this paper, after an analytical approach based on the equivalent electrical circuit method we proposed an optimization of the design of MPSS in terms of the microwave energy conversion efficiency. The MPSS design improvement consisted in reducing the electrical impedance in the input plane of the MPSS by introducing a capacitive diaphragm into the MPSS transmission line, which compensated the inductive character of the plasma sheet. The experimental measurement of the electrodynamic characteristics of the MPSS with diaphragm showed that using the diaphragm significantly decreased the microwave power losses due to the microwave reflection from about (20–30)% to a level of several percent. This substantially increased the MPSS energy conversion efficiency up to about 97%, 93% and 87% for incident powers P I of 500 W, 750 W and 1000 W, respectively. The electrodynamic characteristics of the MPSS appeared a very convenient tool for determining the conditions of maximum efficiency of conversion of the microwave energy into the microwave plasma. The electrodynamic characteristics were measured at argon flow rate of 20 Nl min−1. The analysis of the calculated input impedances of the MPSSs with and without diaphragm, based on the equivalent electrical circuits of both MPSSs confirmed that the change of the character of the input reactance of the MPSS from inductive to capacitive after introducing the diaphragm is the cause of the increase in the MPSS energy conversion efficiency. The MPSSs having the energy conversion efficiency such high as presented in this paper appears to be attractive innovative technology for economic use in industrial applications.

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Microwave plasma for hydrogen production from liquids

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

A Developed Plasmatron Design to Enhance Production of Hydrogen in Synthesis Gas Produced by a Fuel Reformer System

A Developed Plasmatron Design to Enhance Production of Hydrogen in Synthesis Gas Produced by a Fuel Reformer System

Hydrogen Production from Ethanol Reforming by a Microwave Discharge Using Air as a Working Gas

An improved conversion of the microwave energy into plasma in an optimized microwave plasma sheet source at 2.45 GHz designed for surface treatment

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