Microwave pyrolysis of sewage sludge: analysis of the gas fraction

Menéndez, J.Á.; Domı́nguez, A.; Inguanzo, M.; Pís, J.J.

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2003.09.003

Cited by 191 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Microwave pyrolysis (MWP) is one focus of current research and has drawn the widespread interest of foreign and domestic researchers [5][6][7][8]. The applications of MWP include the pyrolysis of plastic waste [5,6], the pyrolysis of biomass waste [7][8][9][10][11][12][13], sewage sludge [14,15], and waste automotive engine oil [16][17][18], among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Study of the Pyrolysis of Waste Printed Circuit Boards Subject to Conventional and Microwave Heating

et al. 2012

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This paper describes a kinetic study of the decomposition of waste printed circuit boards (WPCB) under conventional and microwave-induced pyrolysis conditions. We discuss the heating rates and the influence of the pyrolysis on the thermal decomposition kinetics of WPCB. We find that the thermal degradation of WPCB in a controlled conventional thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) occurred in the temperature range of 300 °C-600 °C, where the main pyrolysis of organic matter takes place along with an expulsion of volumetric volatiles. The corresponding activation energy is decreased from 267 kJ/mol to 168 kJ/mol with increased heating rates from 20 °C/min to 50 °C/min. Similarly, the process of microwave-induced pyrolysis of WPCB material manifests in only one stage, judging by experiments with a microwave power of 700 W. Here, the activation energy is determined to be only 49 kJ/mol, much lower than that found in a conventional TGA subject to a similar heating rate. The low activation energy found in microwave-induced pyrolysis suggests that the adoption of microwave technology for the disposal of WPCB material and even for waste electronic and electrical equipment (WEEE) could be an attractive option.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Study of the Pyrolysis of Waste Printed Circuit Boards Subject to Conventional and Microwave Heating

et al. 2012

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“…This leads to higher yields of both pyrolysis-gases and char residues and lower yield of pyrolysis-oil. Similar differences between conventional and microwave pyrolysis have also been observed during the treatment of other types of waste [62,68]. Other possible explanations that have been proposed to account for this difference include the microwave heating process itself, which has been shown to produce different products from conventional heating when all other factors are held equal [59,62], and the creation of free elections on the surface of the carbon particles as a result of microwave-induction, which may influence the reaction pathway [7].…”

Section: Microwave-heated Pyrolysis Compared To Conventionally-heatedmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Thus, the use of microwave radiation as a heat source offers an improved uniformity of heat distribution, excellent heat transfer, and provides better control over the heating process. Other advantages compared with conventional heating techniques (e.g., electrical furnace) include fast internal heating [61], higher power densities and the ability to reach high temperatures at faster heating rates [7], higher heating efficiency [58], facilitating increased production speeds and decreased production costs [62]. The process can be physically gentle, allowing for a wide variety of applications in diverse fields [58,60]; increased process yield, environmental compatibility, and savings in process time are among the advantages reported on microwave processing of materials [63].…”

Section: Microwave-heated Pyrolysis Compared To Conventionally-heatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the high treatment costs are partly due to the need to remove the high amounts of water present in the sludge. In view of the limitation associated with current disposal methods, a great deal of studies has been performed to develop microwave pyrolysis as an alternative to treat and recycle sewage sludge [62,74,77,80,81]. In these studies, sewage sludge was mixed with small amounts of the char produced from previous runs and subjected to microwave pyrolysis treatment at 1040 C.…”

Section: Biomass Wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on Waste to Energy Processes Using Microwave Pyrolysis

2012

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This paper presents an extensive review of the scientific literature associated with various microwave pyrolysis applications in waste to energy engineering. It was established that microwave-heated pyrolysis processes offer a number of advantages over other processes that use traditional thermal heat sources. In particular, microwave-heated processes show a distinct advantage in providing rapid and energy-efficient heating compared to conventional technologies, and thus facilitating increased production rates. It can also be established that the pyrolysis process offers an exciting way to recover both the energetic and chemical value of the waste materials by generating potentially useful pyrolysis products suitable for future reuse. Furthermore, this review has revealed good performance of the microwave pyrolysis process when compared to other more conventional methods of operation, indicating that it shows exceptional promise as a means for energy recovery from waste materials. Nonetheless, it was revealed that many important characteristics of the microwave pyrolysis process have yet to be raised or fully investigated. In addition, limited information is available concerning the characteristics of the microwave pyrolysis of waste materials. It was thus concluded that more work is needed to extend existing understanding of these aspects in order to develop improvements to the process to transform it into a commercially viable route to recover energy from waste materials in an environmentally sustainable manner. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2012, 5 4210

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“…With the improvised microwave assisted pyrolysis method by the addition of the microwave absorber such as activated carbon, has increased the total dielectric constant of the sample thus enhanced the pyrolysis process through higher temperature [33][34][35]. It was observed that the addition of microwave absorber (AC), for both mixed homogeneously and in separate crucible has increased the efficiency of pyrolysis through the effectiveness of microwave radiation absorbed and activated more molecule to generate more heat energy at high mass loading such as 200 g and 300 g for the method of mixed AC homogeneously and in separate crucible respectively.…”

Section: Solid Product Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Mass Loading and Microwave Absorber Application Method on the Product From Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis of Palm Oil Mill Effluent

Januri

Idris²,

Akhawan

et al. 2017

MJAS

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Approximately, about 50 million tons of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is produced every year, however, discharge of POME to open water source will cause negative impact to environment. High production of POME makes it impossible to dispose at the disposal company, therefore, in-situ treatment has been developed. Current disposal method implemented by palm oil industries is through biodegradable pond. This method is applied due to high water content in POME about 90% of water. Microwave assisted pyrolysis would be an alternative method to deal with the POME since not only can disposed but also can convert to valuable material such as solid char and pyrolytic oil. In this paper, effect of mass loading of POME at a range of 100 to 500 grams with additional activated carbon (AC) was studied. Microwave power level, radiation time and mixing ratio of AC were set constant at 1000 W, 30 minutes and 5%, respectively. Product yields of solid and liquid were analyzed for the best process performance. Solid char obtained has a potential to be utilized as solid fuel since its energy content was >20 MJ/kg and has high carbon content at >80%. Meanwhile, about 20% of chemical content in the pyrolytic oil has the carbon number in the range of C 1 to C 10 .Keywords: mass loading, microwave absorber, microwave-assisted pyrolysis, palm oil mill effluent Abstrak Dianggarkan lebih kurang 50 juta ton Sisa Buangan Kilang Kelapa Sawit (POME) dihasilkan setiap tahun. Pembuangan POME ke sumber air semulajadi seperti sungai akan menyebabkan impak negatif kepada alam sekitar. Penghasilan POME yang tinggi menyebabkan ianya mustahil untuk dilupuskan oleh syarikat pelupusan, oleh yang demikian, rawatan in-situ dibangunkan. Cara pelupusan terkini oleh industri kelapa sawit adalah melalui kaedah kolam bio-degradasi. Kaedah ini diaplikasikan berikutan kandungan air yang tinggi di dalam POME iaitu lebih kurang 90% daripada isi kandungannya. Oleh yang demikian, kaedah menambahbaik pirolisis bantuan gelombang mikro (MAP) digunakan dan sekaligus POME dapat dilupuskan dan menukar hasil yang bermanfaat seperti arang pepejal and minyak pirolisis. Di dalam kajian ini, kesan berat kandungan POME di dalam anggaran 100 g ke 500 g dengan penambahan karbon aktif diberi tumpuan. Kadar kekuatan gelombang mikro, masa radiasi dan nisbah pencampuran karbon aktif masing -masing dimalarkan pada kadar 1000 W, 30 minit dan 5%. Penghasilan produk arang pepejal dan minyak pirolitik dianalisis untuk menentukan kadar terbaik penghasilannya. Arang pepejal yang terhasil mempunyai potensi sebagai sumber tenaga dan mempunyai kapasiti tenaga sekurang-kurangnya >20 MJ/kg dan mengandungi kandungan

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Microwave pyrolysis of sewage sludge: analysis of the gas fraction

Cited by 191 publications

References 33 publications

Kinetic Study of the Pyrolysis of Waste Printed Circuit Boards Subject to Conventional and Microwave Heating

Kinetic Study of the Pyrolysis of Waste Printed Circuit Boards Subject to Conventional and Microwave Heating

A Review on Waste to Energy Processes Using Microwave Pyrolysis

Effect of Mass Loading and Microwave Absorber Application Method on the Product From Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis of Palm Oil Mill Effluent

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