Microwave Pyrolysis with Steam Activation in Producing Activated Carbon for Removal of Herbicides in Agricultural Surface Water

Lam, Su Shiung; Su, Man Huan; Nam, Wai Lun; Thoo, Ding Shan; Ng, Chia Min; Liew, Rock Keey; Yek, Peter Nai Yuh; Ling, Nyuk; Vo, Dai‐Viet N.

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03319

Cited by 86 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Biochar can be produced via pyrolysis of a variety of lignocellulose materials such as coconut shell, palm kernel shell, fruit peel, or rice straw . In particular, microwave pyrolysis is becoming a popular pyrolysis approach to produce biochar or activated carbon due to its several distinct advantages . Microwave radiation can provide a rapid and targeted heating effect to the material .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐purging microwave pyrolysis: an innovative approach to convert oil palm shell into carbon‐rich biochar for methylene blue adsorption

Kong¹,

Lam

Yek

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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102

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BACKGROUND Oil palm shell (OPS) is a biomass widely available from palm oil mills. Self‐purging microwave pyrolysis (SPMP) was performed to produce carbon‐rich biochar from OPS for the adsorption of methylene blue dye. The effect of feedstock amount on the pyrolysis temperature, yield and characteristics of the biochar were investigated. RESULT The amount of feedstock was directly proportional to the final pyrolysis temperature. The pyrolysis reached a maximum final temperature of 760 °C when ≥300 g of OPS was loaded into the reactor without microwave absorbent. A heating rate of up to 105 °C min−1 was recorded, producing a yield of 40 wt% of biochar at a short processing time of 20 min. The biochar obtained at 700 °C showed relatively low volatile matter (24 wt%), higher fixed carbon content (66 wt%), carbon (78.5 wt%), oxygen (17.7 wt%), a highly porous structure with high BET surface area of 410 m2 g−1 and pore volume of 0.16 cm3 g−1, and recorded a methylene blue dye adsorption efficiency of 20 mg g−1. CONCLUSION The SPMP approach showed exceptional promise to produce biochar with low H/C ratio (0.5) and O/C ratio (0.2), which indicated a high degree of carbonization and stability of the biochar to act as a durable agent in wastewater treatment. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐purging microwave pyrolysis: an innovative approach to convert oil palm shell into carbon‐rich biochar for methylene blue adsorption

Kong¹,

Lam

Yek

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

Self Cite

102

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“…7 Microwave vacuum pyrolysis (MVP) is a pyrolysis technique using microwave irradiation 8 as heat source to heat and pyrolyze biomass under an oxygen-free environment created by a vacuum pump. [9][10][11] Biomass is thermally decomposed to produce three main products, comprising liquid biofuel that can be used to generate power in turbines or diesel engines, 12 biogas as fuel in fuel cells and solid biochar for nutrients adsorption in soil or dye adsorption. 13 Biochar is a carbon-rich material consisting of carbonaceous solids and unconverted organic solids produced during the pyrolysis process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave vacuum pyrolysis conversion of waste mushroom substrate into biochar for use as growth medium in mushroom cultivation

Lam

Lee

Nam

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Spent mushroom substrate (SMS), largely produced as an agriculture waste from mushroom cultivation, was transformed into biochar via microwave vacuum pyrolysis under different ratios of SMS to microwave absorbent (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3). The biochar was then examined for its potential to be re‐used in mushroom cultivation as a growth medium added to conventional mushroom baglog (plastic bag with mushroom seeds and culture substrates containing rice straw, sawdust, lime and water), with emphasis on its ability to form mycelium – a fungus that grows into mushroom from its seeds. RESULT The pyrolysis generated up to 36 wt% biochar yield with a large adsorption area (up to 215 m2 g‐1) and less water (4 wt%), indicating that many adsorption sites are available on which mushroom seeds, nutrient and water can be adsorbed onto in order to form mycelium (and subsequently mushroom). The biochar added to grow mushroom in baglog recorded a higher water retention percentage (up to 59%), a higher mycelium colonization length in 8 days (6.3 cm), coverage area (up to 259 cm2) and total mycelium growth volume (317 cm3), and resulted in a higher yield of mushroom (200 g month‐1) than that recorded for the conventional baglog without biochar (160 g month‐1). CONCLUSION The results indicated that biochar produced from SMS using microwave vacuum pyrolysis shows great potential in retaining water and nutrient that in turn promotes the formation of mycelium that leads to increased growth of mushroom in its cultivation. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…The ash used in the present study was made at household level after completely burning wood made charcoal. This might lead to formation molecules of specific adsorption capacity towards oxidation products (peroxides) ( Nadia et al., 2020 ; Lam et al., 2018 ; Alinnor, 2007 ; Erol et al., 2005 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the quality of used frying niger seed oil with adsorbent treatment

Nuru

Getachew

2021

Heliyon

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High temperature continuous deep fat frying of foods will result in the frying oil and food quality deterioration. Although the quality can be retained by using fresh oil, this approach will increase the production cost. In this study, quality improvement of used niger seed oil using adsorbent treatment was evaluated. Each adsorbent was mixed with 20 h used niger seed oil (15% w/v) at 150 °C and stirred for 30 min. The oil was recovered through centrifugation at 4200 rpm for 15 min. The tested chemical parameters of the oil increased after 20 h of frying (acid value (AV) (2.24–8.31) mg KOH/gm oil, free fatty acid (FFA) (1.13–4.17) %, and peroxide value (PV) (1.00–13.97 mEq oxygen/Kg of oil). The improvement in free fatty acid, peroxide value and oil recovery upon treatment of the fried oil with ash, bentonite, bleaching earth, silca gel and magnesium oxide (MgO) was (61, 57, 80), (66, 43, 88), (56, 21, 85), (61, 50, 70), and (73, 64, 40) % respectively. Ash and MgO effectively improved the physico-chemical characteristics of the used oil. Thus, the two were selected for further optimization of effective concentration and to evaluate their synergetic effect. Treatments with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5 and 15.0 % of ash reduced the AV of the fried oil by 26, 39, 46, 53, 53 and 60 % respectively (p < 0.05). Also the combination of ash and MgO (1:1) improved the physico-chemical properties of the frying oil to nearly fresh quality.

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Microwave Pyrolysis with Steam Activation in Producing Activated Carbon for Removal of Herbicides in Agricultural Surface Water

Cited by 86 publications

References 49 publications

Self‐purging microwave pyrolysis: an innovative approach to convert oil palm shell into carbon‐rich biochar for methylene blue adsorption

Self‐purging microwave pyrolysis: an innovative approach to convert oil palm shell into carbon‐rich biochar for methylene blue adsorption

Microwave vacuum pyrolysis conversion of waste mushroom substrate into biochar for use as growth medium in mushroom cultivation

Improving the quality of used frying niger seed oil with adsorbent treatment

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