Microwave Quantum Illumination

Barzanjeh, Shabir; Guha, Saikat; Weedbrook, Christian; Vitali, David; Shapiro, Jeffrey H.; Pirandola, Stefano

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.114.080503

Cited by 467 publications

(419 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…"Quantum illumination" [268,269,270] stands as a paradigmatic example of a quantum state discrimination task. The conventional illumination protocol consists of a probe qudit, in a pure state ρ φ = |φ φ|, sent into a distant noisy region to detect the possible presence of a target object.…”

Section: State Discrimination and Quantum Illuminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measures and applications of quantum correlations

Adesso¹,

Bromley²,

Cianciaruso³

2016

J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.

395

416

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Abstract. Quantum information theory is built upon the realisation that quantum resources like coherence and entanglement can be exploited for novel or enhanced ways of transmitting and manipulating information, such as quantum cryptography, teleportation, and quantum computing. We now know that there is potentially much more than entanglement behind the power of quantum information processing. There exist more general forms of non-classical correlations, stemming from fundamental principles such as the necessary disturbance induced by a local measurement, or the persistence of quantum coherence in all possible local bases. These signatures can be identified and are resilient in almost all quantum states, and have been linked to the enhanced performance of certain quantum protocols over classical ones in noisy conditions. Their presence represents, among other things, one of the most essential manifestations of quantumness in cooperative systems, from the subatomic to the macroscopic domain. In this work we give an overview of the current quest for a proper understanding and characterisation of the frontier between classical and quantum correlations in composite states. We focus on various approaches to define and quantify general quantum correlations, based on different yet interlinked physical perspectives, and comment on the operational significance of the ensuing measures for quantum technology tasks such as information encoding, distribution, discrimination and metrology. We then provide a broader outlook of a few applications in which quantumness beyond entanglement looks fit to play a key role.

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Section: State Discrimination and Quantum Illuminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measures and applications of quantum correlations

Adesso¹,

Bromley²,

Cianciaruso³

2016

J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.

395

416

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“…This approach is known as quantum reading [11] (see also follow-up papers [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]), a notable application of quantum channel discrimination to a practical task as the memory readout. From this point of view, another well-known protocol is quantum illumination, which aims at improving target detection [25][26][27][28][29][30][31], and has been recently extended to its most natural domain, the microwaves [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptographic Aspects of Quantum Reading

Spedalieri

2015

Entropy

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Besides achieving secure communication between two spatially-separated parties, another important issue in modern cryptography is related to secure communication in time, i.e., the possibility to confidentially store information on a memory for later retrieval. Here we explore this possibility in the setting of quantum reading, which exploits quantum entanglement to efficiently read data from a memory whereas classical strategies (e.g., based on coherent states or their mixtures) cannot retrieve any information. From this point of view, the technique of quantum reading can provide a new form of technological security for data storage.

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“…We probe the fields using either correlation measurements or a transmon qubit coupled to a microwave resonator. Our experiments provide a precise quantitative characterization of weak microwave states and information on the noise emitted by a Josephson parametric amplifier.As propagating electromagnetic fields in general [1][2][3], propagating microwaves with photon numbers on the order of unity are essential for quantum computation [4,5], communication [6], and illumination [7][8][9][10] protocols. Because of their omnipresence in experimental setups, the characterization of thermal states is especially relevant for many applications [11][12][13][14].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photon Statistics of Propagating Thermal Microwaves

et al. 2017

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In experiments with superconducting quantum circuits, characterizing the photon statistics of propagating microwave fields is a fundamental task. We quantify the n 2 + n photon number variance of thermal microwave photons emitted from a black-body radiator for mean photon numbers 0.05 n 1.5. We probe the fields using either correlation measurements or a transmon qubit coupled to a microwave resonator. Our experiments provide a precise quantitative characterization of weak microwave states and information on the noise emitted by a Josephson parametric amplifier.As propagating electromagnetic fields in general [1][2][3], propagating microwaves with photon numbers on the order of unity are essential for quantum computation [4,5], communication [6], and illumination [7][8][9][10] protocols. Because of their omnipresence in experimental setups, the characterization of thermal states is especially relevant for many applications [11][12][13][14]. Specifically in the microwave regime, sophisticated experimental techniques for their generation at cryogenic temperatures, their manipulation, and detection have been developed in recent years. In this context, an important aspect is the generation of propagating thermal microwaves using thermal emitters [15][16][17]. These emitters can be spatially separated from the setup components used for manipulation and detection [18,19], which allows one to individually control the emitter and the setup temperature. Due to the low energy of microwave photons, the detection of these fields typically requires the use of nearquantum-limited amplifiers [20][21][22][23], cross-correlation detectors [17, 18, 24], or superconducting qubits [25][26][27][28].The unique nature of propagating fields is reflected in their photon statistics, which is described by a probability distribution either in terms of the number states or in terms of its moments. The former were studied by coupling the field to an atom or qubit and measuring the coherent dynamics [29][30][31] or by spectroscopic analysis [32]. The moment-based approach requires knowledge on the average photon number n and its variance Var(n) = n 2 − n 2 to distinguish many states of interest. To this end, the second-order correlation function g (2) (τ ) has been measured to analyze the photon statistics of thermal [33][34][35] or quantum [36][37][38] emitters ever since the ground-breaking experiments of Hanbury Brown and Twiss [39,40]. While these experiments use the time delay τ as control parameter, at microwave frequencies the photon number n can be controlled conveniently [15,32,[41][42][43][44]. In the specific case of a thermal field at frequency ω, the Bose-Einstein distribution yields n(T ) = [exp( ω/k B T ) − 1] −1 and Var(n) = n 2 + n, which can be controlled by the temperature T of the emitter. In practice, one wants to distinguish this relation from both the classical limit Var(n) = n 2 and the Poissonian behavior Var(n) = n characteristic for coherent states [41] or shot noise [45,46]. Hence, as shown in Fig. 1, the most relev...

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Microwave Quantum Illumination

Cited by 467 publications

References 58 publications

Measures and applications of quantum correlations

Measures and applications of quantum correlations

Cryptographic Aspects of Quantum Reading

Photon Statistics of Propagating Thermal Microwaves

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