Microwave Radiometric Remote Sensing of Volcanic Ash Clouds From Space: Model and Data Analysis

Montopoli, Mario; Cimini, Domenico; Lamantea, Mirko; Herzog, Michael; Graf, Hans F.; Marzano, Frank S.

doi:10.1109/tgrs.2013.2260343

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The MAP estimation of ash class c corresponds to the maximization with respect to c of the posterior pdf p(c|x m ) under the assumption of multivariate Gaussian pdf's. So far, VARR outputs have been tested with ground data in Marzano et al (2012b) and compared with satellite data and plume model simulations in Montopoli et al (2013) providing reasonable results when C-band radar data are used.…”

Section: Retrieval Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 shows a quantitative comparison between SSMIS, DPX and SPC in terms of total columnar concentration (TCC) of C a . SPC is the single polarization C-band radar in Keflavik (260 km away from the Grímsvötn caldera, Montopoli et al, 2013). For the comparison of Fig.…”

Section: Retrieval Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this respect, the exploitation of passive microwave sensors represents a good opportunity to probe ash clouds, despite some inherent limitations (Delene et al, 1996;Grody and Basist, 1996;Marzano et al, 2012b;Montopoli et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interpretation of observed microwave signatures from ground dual polarization radar and space multi-frequency radiometer for the 2011 Grímsvötn volcanic eruption

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The important role played by ground-based microwave weather radars for the monitoring of volcanic ash clouds has been recently demonstrated. The potential of microwaves from satellite passive and ground-based active sensors to estimate near-source volcanic ash cloud parameters has been also proposed, though with little investigation of their synergy and the role of the radar polarimetry. The goal of this work is to show the potentiality and drawbacks of the X-band dual polarization (DPX) radar measurements through the data acquired during the latest Grímsvötn volcanic eruptions that took place in May 2011 in Iceland. The analysis is enriched by the comparison between DPX data and the observations from the satellite Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) and a C-band single polarization (SPC) radar. SPC, DPX, and SSMIS instruments cover a large range of the microwave spectrum, operating respectively at 5.4, 3.2, and 0.16-1.6 cm wavelengths.The multi-source comparison is made in terms of total columnar concentration (TCC). The latter is estimated from radar observables using the "volcanic ash radar retrieval" algorithm for dual-polarization X-band and single polarization C-band systems (VARR-PX and VARR-SC, respectively) and from SSMIS brightness temperature (BT) using a linear BT-TCC relationship. The BT-TCC relationship has been compared with the analogous relation derived from SSMIS and SPC radar data for the same case study. Differences between these two linear regression curves are mainly attributed to an incomplete observation of the vertical extension of the ash cloud, a coarser spatial resolution and a more pronounced non-uniform beam-filling effect of SPC measurements (260 km away from the volcanic vent) with respect to the DPX (70 km from the volcanic vent). Results show that high-spatial-resolution DPX radar data identify an evident volcanic plume signature, even though the interpretation of the polarimetric variables and the related retrievals is not always straightforward, likely due to the possible formation of ash and ice particle aggregates and the radar signal impairments like depolarization or non-uniform beam filling that might be caused by turbulence effects. The correlation of the estimated TCCs derived from DPX or SPC and SSMIS BTs reaches approximately −0.7.

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Section: Retrieval Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Retrieval Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interpretation of observed microwave signatures from ground dual polarization radar and space multi-frequency radiometer for the 2011 Grímsvötn volcanic eruption

et al. 2014

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“…Compare model simulations to actual observations in a homogeneous way can help to choice the input model parameters as well as selecting the proper (more reliable) model scenarios that can be used, for example, to address the solution inverse problems. As already proposed in [7], Figure 5 shows a quantitative comparison between BTH [K] at 183 ± 6 GHz from SSMIS and TCC [kg/m 2 ] form DPX. TCC is derived integrating along the vertical direction the mass concentration from VARR-PX shown in figure 2 panel e).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The case study considered is the Grímsvötn eruption on 22 nd of May 2011 in Iceland. Details of ATHAM set-up for the case study here analyzed can be found in [7]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote sensing of volcanic ash: Synergistic use of ash models and microwave observations of the erupting plumes

Montopoli

Herzog

Vulpiani

et al. 2013

2013 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - IGARSS

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The goal of this work is to show potentials and drawbacks of Dual Polarization measurements of volcanic plume from microwave ground-based X-band radar (DPX). Measurements of brightness temperature (BT) from the space-orbiting microwave radiometer are used as well and compared with DPX retrievals of total columnar content (TCC). The latter is estimated from the radar variables using the volcanic ash radar retrieval for dual-polarization X band systems (VARR-PX) algorithm whereas BT's have been acquired from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS). Model simulations of volcanic plume evolution are generated to carry out comparisons with radar estimates of TCC. The Active Tracer High-Resolution Atmospheric Model (ATHAM) of eruption plume is used for this purpose.Results show that high-spatial-resolution DPX radar data identify an evident volcanic plume signature, even though the interpretation of the polarimetric variables and the related retrievals is not always easy, likely due to the possible formation of ash and ice particle aggregates, the radar signal depolarization induced by turbulence effects, and the partial filling of the radar beam. A forth degree polynomial relationship is in good agreement with BT -TCC measured samples with correlation of -0.71. The variability of TCC, described by the ATHAM simulations, seems to include the spatial and temporal variation of the radar retrievals.Index Terms-weather radar, volcanic eruption, microwave radiometry, mesoscale model.

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Microwave Nondestructive Imaging of Buried Objects Using Improved Scattered‐Field Calibration Technique

Govind

Akhtar

2018

Radio Science

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A novel microwave subsurface imaging scheme based on an improved electric field calibration technique is proposed in this paper. The proposed imaging scheme requires RF measurement system comprising of a uniform linear transmitter‐receiver antenna array wherein the region under examination is illuminated sequentially to measure the scattering parameters of the test. An appropriate imaging frequency is selected so as to minimize the errors introduced due to coupling among the coresident antennas. The electric field required for the imaging algorithm is obtained from the measured scattering parameters using the proposed calibration methodology in two subsequent steps. The first step of calibration removes the systematic errors inherent in the measured scattering parameters by using known standards such as a metal plate and absorber foam. The second calibration step transforms the calibrated scattering parameters of the test object into electric field values so as to use them in the required inverse reconstruction procedure. The transformation is based on comparison of the measured scattering parameters of a known specimen and test object under the same test environment. The imaging algorithm based on the electric field formulation uses the standard iterative distorted Born procedure. For determining the location of the buried object, a novel data interpretation scheme based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) applied to time domain reflection coefficients obtained from various antenna elements is also proposed here. The applicability including performance evaluation of the proposed imaging scheme is tested by retrieving microwave image of various standard objects buried inside sand.

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Microwave Radiometric Remote Sensing of Volcanic Ash Clouds From Space: Model and Data Analysis

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

Interpretation of observed microwave signatures from ground dual polarization radar and space multi-frequency radiometer for the 2011 Grímsvötn volcanic eruption

Interpretation of observed microwave signatures from ground dual polarization radar and space multi-frequency radiometer for the 2011 Grímsvötn volcanic eruption

Remote sensing of volcanic ash: Synergistic use of ash models and microwave observations of the erupting plumes

Microwave Nondestructive Imaging of Buried Objects Using Improved Scattered‐Field Calibration Technique

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