Microwave specular scattering response of soil texture at X-band

Prakash, Rishi; Singh, Dharmendra; Pathak, Nagendra Prasad

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2009.05.016

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Field size of different soil fields was 2 m × 2 m. The details regarding the selection of the field size and the position of horn antenna is provided in Appendix A. Further, the formulation used to calculate the specular scattering coefficient can be found from the reference Prakash et al [14].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Kirchhoff Scalar Approximation provides the reasonable good fit to the experimental data in specular direction [12][13][14][15]. The formulation has been used to retrieve the soil moisture with a priori information of rms surface height and correlation length and the results were compared with the proposed empirical approach.…”

Section: Theoretical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observation was obtained for specular scattering and it was shown that the Kirchhoff Scalar Approximation provide good agreement with the observed data. Studies carried out in the field of bistatic reveal that for soil surface characterization the observation should be made in specular direction [11][12][13][14][15]. In this paper, we have prepared different field for known soil texture constituent that is by varying the soil constituent (i.e., percentage of sand, silt and clay) and prepared 10 fields that represent lower sand value to higher sand value and similarly for silt and clay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the work for soil parameter characterization has been established for monostatic system [1,2,[4][5][6][7][8] and lesser studies have been performed for bistatic system [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Bistatic configuration in contrast to monostatic configuration uses separate transmitter and receiver which are located individually.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Soil Texture in Soil Moisture Retrieval for Specular Scattering at C-Band

Prakash¹,

Singh²,

Pathak³

2010

PIER

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Abstract-The objective of this paper is to analyze the behavior of specular scattering for different soil texture fields at various soil moisture (m v ) and analyze the data to retrieve the soil moisture with minimizing the effect of the soil texture. To study the soil texture effect on specular scattering 10 different soil fields were prepared on the basis of change in soil constituents (i.e., percentage of sand, silt and clay) and experiments were performed in both like polarizations (i.e., HH-polarization and V V -polarization) at various incidence angles (i.e., varying incidence angle from 25 • to 70 • in step of 5 • ). Angular response of specular scattering coefficients (σ • hh in HH-polarization and σ • vv in V V -polarization) were analyzed for different soil texture fields with varying soil moisture content whereas the surface roughness condition for all the observations were kept constant. The changes in specular scattering coefficient values were observed with the change in soil texture fields with moisture for both like polarizations. Further, copolarization ratio (P = σ • hh /σ • vv ) study was performed and it was observed that the dependency of copolarization ratio for change in soil texture field at constant soil moisture is less prominent whereas the value of copolarization ratio is varying with variation of moisture content. This emphasizes that copolarization ratio may be minimizing the effect of soil texture while observing the soil moisture on specular direction. Regression analysis is carried out to select the best suitable incidence angle for observing the moisture and texture at C-band in specular direction and 60 • incidence angle was found the best suitable incidence angle. An empirical relationship between P and m v was developed for the retrieval of m v and the obtained relationship gives a good agreement with observed m v . In addition, m v was also retrieved

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Soil Texture in Soil Moisture Retrieval for Specular Scattering at C-Band

Prakash¹,

Singh²,

Pathak³

2010

PIER

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“…Currently, the research on texture properties is mainly from the literature of radar image, but study of the EM scattering for textures is much less. Prakash et al [21] only studied the variation of the specular scattering as soil textures at X band. So there is the necessity that the relation between EM scattering and Gaussian rough surface with texture properties is established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Scattering Analysis for Two-Dimensional Gaussian Rough Surfaces With Texture Characteristics Using Small-Slope Approximation Method

Sun¹,

Xie²,

Zhang³

2015

PIER B

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Abstract-This paper is aimed at analyzing the electromagnetic (EM) scattering from the twodimensional (2-D) Gaussian rough surfaces characterized by textures. Visual appearances of the stripe texture can be generated through the angle rotating in Fourier transform when the ratio of the correlation lengths in two directions is large enough. The scattering field is derived in Cartesian coordinate system through the small-slope approximation (SSA) method with plane incident wave. The normalized co-polarized radar cross section (NRCS) from 2-D Gaussian rough surface characterized by textures is calculated. In particular, several numerical results show the influences of incident angle, texture angle, correlation length, and root-mean-square height on the scattering from the textured rough surface. Finally, the validity of the SSA method is verified by comparisons of theoretical value and measured data.

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Mathematical Model Development for Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) L-Band Geo Synchronous Satellite's Direct Signal and Multipath Signals

Chamoli

Prakash²,

Vidyarthi³

2022

Wireless Pers Commun

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NavIC L-band satellite signal that travels from the satellite to the receiver undergoes mainly shadowing and multipath effects. In this research paper, NavIC satellites were observing and analyzing signal efficiency for both the direct signal and multipath signal over the Dehradun area. Two open space data series (Direct signal and Multipath signal) for Dehradun were obtained in this analysis by the satellite receiver. The methodology includes evaluation, testing, and analysis of data in both cases. Based on collected data, a general mathematical model has been developed, describing the signal intensity in the open space context. The both NavIC Mathematical model was validated with the experimental data. The average R 2 and RMSE values developed for the direct signal mathematical model were 0.89 and 1.08% respectively which show a good prediction of NavIC C/N0 value with the developed model. For the multipath mathematical model, four cases have been evaluated. Comparing the graphical view of all four cases for C/No multipath signal concerning raw NavIC C/No multipath signal has been done to select the best mathematical model.

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Microwave specular scattering response of soil texture at X-band

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

The Effect of Soil Texture in Soil Moisture Retrieval for Specular Scattering at C-Band

The Effect of Soil Texture in Soil Moisture Retrieval for Specular Scattering at C-Band

Electromagnetic Scattering Analysis for Two-Dimensional Gaussian Rough Surfaces With Texture Characteristics Using Small-Slope Approximation Method

Mathematical Model Development for Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) L-Band Geo Synchronous Satellite's Direct Signal and Multipath Signals

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