Field-induced variations of the microwave surface resistance, R s (H), have been investigated in high-density ceramic MgB 2 . At low temperatures, several peculiarities of the R s (H) curves cannot be justified in the framework of models reported in the literature. We suggest that they are ascribable to the unconventional vortex structure in MgB 2 , related to the presence of two gaps. On the contrary, the results near T c can be accounted for by the Coffey and Clem model, with fluxons moving in the flux-flow regime, provided that the anisotropy of the upper critical field is taken into due account.