Microwave synthesis and in vitro stability of diclofenac-β-cyclodextrin conjugate for colon delivery

Diclofenac-β-cyclodextrin for colonic drug targeting: In vivo performance in rats

“…Diclofenac-β-cyclodextrin (MW=1411 g/mol) was synthetized according to the method described by Vieira et al (Vieira et al, 2013). Briefly, diclofenac-β-cyclodextrin was synthesized via a 2-step process involving tosylation of β-cyclodextrin (step 1) followed by nucleophylic substitution of the tosylated β-cyclodextrin by sodium diclofenac under microwaves (step 2).…”

“…In contrast to previously synthetized cyclodextrin conjugates produced by conventional methods (Uekama et al, 1997;Yano et al, 2001), our conjugate was synthetized using microwave irradiation, which allows the synthesis of the conjugate in a short period of time. In vitro and ex vivo studies showed that this conjugate has the potential to act as a prodrug of diclofenac for colonic delivery (Vieira et al, 2014;Vieira et al, 2013). The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac, is an important component of many treatment regimens for inflammatory disorders.…”

“…Following our in vitro and ex vivo studies (Vieira et al, 2014;Vieira et al, 2013) the aim of the work described in this paper, was to establish that diclofenac-β-cyclodextrin can indeed be metabolized in vivo in the colon and to release the active diclofenac, following oral administration. To confirm that diclofenac release occurred specifically in the colon, sulfasalazine was administered concomitantly.…”

Preparation and structural characterization of poly-mannose synthesized by phosphoric acid catalyzation under microwave irradiation

“…The absorption bands at 832.38 cm −1 and 880.23 cm −1 indicated the ␣-and ␤-configurations existing in polysaccharides (Zhang, Liu, Xiao, Zhang, & Sun, 2014). The region below 1200 cm −1 has previously been suggested as promising for analysis of structural conversions, the absorption bands at 1000-1200 cm −1 were due to C O C stretching vibration (Vieira et al, 2013). The small peaks at 1638.05 cm −1 and 1573.14 cm −1 resulted from C O stretching and C O stretching, respectively (Feng, Li, & Wang, 2010).…”

Enabling technologies and green processes in cyclodextrin chemistry

“…While the previous experiments were performed in a multimode MW oven (MicroSynth-Milestone, Italy), a similar approach was used for the preparation of an ester prodrug of diclofenac and β-CD, but in a monomode MW oven (CEM Discover S-class MW reactor). The reaction was heated at 140 °C for 40 min and the diclofenac β-CD derivative was obtained with a yield of 20% [ 45 ]. Analogously, a general MW-assisted procedure for the synthesis of 6 I -amino-6 I -deoxy-β-CD has been reported by Puglisi et al The reactions were performed in a MW oven (CEM Explorer) for 30 min at 200 W and 85 °C [ 46 ].…”