Microwave versus Conventional Sintering of NiTi Alloys Processed by Mechanical Alloying

Abstract

The present study shows a comparison between two sintering processes, microwave and conventional sintering, for the manufacture of NiTi porous specimens starting from powder mixtures of nickel and titanium hydrogenation–dehydrogenation (HDH) milled by mechanical alloying for a short time (25 min). The samples were sintered at 850 °C for 15 min and 120 min, respectively. Both samples exhibited porosity, and the pore size results are within the range of the human bone. The NiTi intermetallic compound (B2, R-phase, and B19′) was detected in both sintered samples through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) on scanning electron microscopic (SEM). Two-step phase transformation occurred in both sintering processes with cooling and heating, the latter occurring with an overlap of the peaks, according to the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results. From scanning electron microscopy/electron backscatter diffraction, the R-phase and B2/B19′ were detected in microwave and conventional sintering, respectively. The instrumented ultramicrohardness results show the highest elastic work values for the conventionally sintered sample. It was observed throughout this investigation that using mechanical alloying (MA) powders enabled, in both sintering processes, good results, such as intermetallic formation and densification in the range for biomedical applications.

4D Printing: Technology Overview and Smart Materials Utilized

“…They can be used in medical devices such as stents, orthodontic wires, and even artificial muscles. Additionally, NiTi alloys can be used in aerospace, automotive, and civil engineering for actuators, sensors, and dampers (Samal et al, 2022;Teixeira et al, 2022).…”