Current paper describes the experimental dual-purpose application of microwaves in a controlled clinical trial on optimizing therapy for chronic neurological disorders. As a part of integrated treatment, low-intensity microwave-assisted blood modification has been used. It represents a physiotherapeutic method based on the autologous blood transfusion (self-blood treatment) after the short-term exposure to microwaves ( λ = 7.2 mm). Because of beneficial clinical impact of the microwave autohemotherapy previously observed, we aimed to find a possible way to track a manifestation of nonthermal microwave effects. For this purpose, we have applied a microwave single-frequency ( λ = 7.6 mm) dielectrometry technique as a tool for blood sensing. Also, we used the osmotic fragility test to detect the membrane-receptor activity level using patients' red blood cells before and after the course of therapy. Our preliminary results have shown an enhancement of blood cell reactivity and a clearly defined tendency to normalizing parameters under study in those patients who received the integrated treatment. By analyzing the data obtained by different methods, we have revealed that characteristics are well correlated.