Microwaves: Effect on Thermoregulatory Behavior in Rats

Stern, Sander; Margolin, L. Ya.; Weiss, Bernard; Lu, Shin-Tsu; Michaelson, Sol M.

doi:10.1126/science.505008

Cited by 67 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…2 A power density of 5 mW/cm and above for the rat (Stern et al, 1979) and 6-8 mW/cm 2 and above for the squirrel monkey (Adair and Adams,198Cb)will provoke reliable alterations in thermoregulatory behavior, i.e., selection of a cooler environment by the irradiated animal. These measured thresholds for both species represent a whole body energy absorption (SAR) of 1.0-1.5 W/kg.…”

Section: A Protocols and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Radiation and Thermoregulation.

Adair¹

1981

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Section: A Protocols and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Radiation and Thermoregulation.

Adair¹

1981

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“…Gordon [1983] demonstrated that mice select the cooler regions of a thermal gradient, located inside a waveguide, when the imposed RF field becomes more intense. Stern et al [1979] trained shaved rats in the cold to press a lever for bursts of infrared energy and then measured the reduction of lever pressing when a 2450 MHz RF field was present. The higher the PD of the RF field (range ¼ 5-20 mW/cm 2 ), the less infrared energy was selected by the rats; these behavioral changes helped the rats to maintain a normal body temperature.…”

Section: Animal Data: Lizards and Rodentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and cognitive effects of microwave exposure

D'Andrea

Adair

Lorge³

2003

Bioelectromagnetics

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This paper presents an overview of the recent behavioral literature concerning microwave exposure and discusses behavioral effects that have supported past exposure standards. Other effects, which are based on lower levels of exposure, are discussed as well, relative to setting exposure standards. The paper begins with a brief discussion of the ways in which behavioral end points are investigated in the laboratory, together with some of the methodological considerations pertinent to such studies when radio frequency (RF) exposure is involved. It has been pointed out by several sources that exposure to RF radiation can lead to changes in the behavior of humans and laboratory animals that can range from the perceptions of warmth and sound to lethal body temperatures. Behavior of laboratory animals can be perturbed and, under certain other conditions, animals will escape and subsequently avoid RF fields; but they will also work to obtain a burst of RF energy when they are cold. Reports of change of cognitive function (memory and learning) in humans and laboratory animals are in the scientific literature. Mostly, these are thermally mediated effects, but other low level effects are not so easily explained by thermal mechanisms. The phenomenon of behavioral disruption by microwave exposure, an operationally defined rate decrease (or rate increase), has served as the basis for human exposure guidelines since the early 1980s and still appears to be a very sensitive RF bioeffect. Nearly all evidence relates this phenomenon to the generation of heat in the tissues and reinforces the conclusion that behavioral changes observed in RF exposed animals are thermally mediated. Such behavioral alteration has been demonstrated in a variety of animal species and under several different conditions of RF exposure. Thermally based effects can clearly be hazardous to the organism and continue to be the best predictor of hazard for homosapiens. Nevertheless, similar research with man has not been conducted. Although some studies on human perception of RF exist, these should be expandedto include a variety of RF parameters.

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“…Cosprehensive reviews have been prepared by Adey (1980), Justesen (1980), and Lovely (1982). Thermoregulatory response changes (Adair and Adams, 1980; Stern et al, 1979) are but one subset of sucb exposure effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%