Microzooplankton Grazing in Green Water—Results from Two Contrasting Estuaries

York, Joanna K.; Costas, Barbara A.; McManus, George B.

doi:10.1007/s12237-010-9336-8

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The growth rates were also similar to those found in estuaries in other regions (Murrell and Hollibaugh 1998;Calbet and Landry 2004;York et al 2010). Calbet and Landry (2004) summarized results from dilution experiments in 66 studies from coastal, oceanic, and estuarine habitats and found that in estuarine systems the mean community (chl a) growth rate was 0.97 + 0.07/d and the mean grazing rate was 0.53 + 0.04/d (n=136).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…This result has been observed in many studies using the dilution method in a variety of environments (Landry and Hassett 1982;Landry et al 1984;Paranjape 1987;Gifford 1988;Kamiyama 1994;Murrell and Hollibaugh, 1998;Kim et al 2007;York et al 2010). Non-significant grazing has been attributed to high variability in the method due to the small sample number used in the dilution series (Schmoker et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Nutrient-replete growth rates (μ n ) proved to be variable in relation to grazing rates. Negative and zero μ o were observed when grazing rates were 0/d during 66.6% of the experiments; this was also observed in Long Island Sound, New York and Tuggerah Lake, Australia (York et al 2010;Sanderson et al 2012). When nutrient limitation was minimal in the BSL, growth and grazing rates became more similar to one another, suggesting that nutrient limitation played a large role in controlling phytoplankton composition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

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Phytoplankton pigment specific growth and losses due to microzooplankton grazing in a northern Gulf of Mexico estuary during winter/fall

McGehee

Redalje

2016

GCR

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Microzooplankton dilution grazing experiments were carried out on 6 dates, over a 3 month period at 2 locations in the Bay of St.Louis, MS (BSL) to determine phytoplankton pigment specific growth rates under natural (µ 0 ) and replete (µ n ) nutrient conditions and microzooplankton grazing. We hypothesized that diatoms would be the largest portion of the phytoplankton composition due to the winter/fall season and that these organisms would have the highest growth/grazing rates. We suspected that river flow from the Jourdan River would adversely affect growth and grazing rates of all phytoplankton classes. Growth rates of 5 phytoplankton accessory pigments (peridinin, fucoxanthin, alloxanthin, zeaxanthin, chlorophyll b) were identified. Intrinsic growth rates (µ 0 ) were often zero or negative (range: -0.46 to 0.56/d) at the location nearest the Jourdan River, particularly for alloxanthin (e.g., cryptophytes) and peridinin (e.g., dinoflagellates). Significant grazing of chlorophyll a was observed on 3 of 6 dates while grazing on marker pigments was variable. The phytoplankton community appeared nutrient limited during all but one experiment (µ 0 <µ n ). Intrinsic growth and grazing rates were correlated (p < 0.05, Spearman Rank Order correlation). Peridinin and alloxanthin-based growth and grazing rates were positively correlated with salinity, suggesting a river influence on these 2 phytoplankton pigment classes. We conclude that in the BSL microzooplankton preferentially grazed on the phytoplankton class which had the highest intrinsic growth rate. We show that this is greatly affected by riverine input into the estuary and nutrient limitation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

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Phytoplankton pigment specific growth and losses due to microzooplankton grazing in a northern Gulf of Mexico estuary during winter/fall

McGehee

Redalje

2016

GCR

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“…However the dilution method has known limitations e.g. non-linear response (Paterson et al 2008, York et al 2010 or nutrient depletion (Landry and Hassett 1982). Nonlinear responses were not observed in this study, and the higher nutrient concentrations in our samples as well as the shorter incubation time enabled us to complete the dilution experiments 10 before nutrient depletion sets in.…”

mentioning

confidence: 77%

Temporal variation of phytoplankton growth and grazing loss in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia

Lim

Lee

Kudo

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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Phytoplankton growth (µ) and grazing loss (g) rates were measured monthly by the Landry-Hassett dilution method over a two-year period at both estuarine (Klang) and study, grazing loss was coupled to phytoplankton growth and the ratio of g : μ or grazing pressure which estimates the proportion of primary production grazed was 50% at Klang and lower than at Port Dickson (68%) (t = 2.213, df = 36, p < 0.05). We found that the higher growth rates in an eutrophic system i.e. Klang were not matched by higher grazing loss, and this may have implications for the biogeochemical cycling in coastal waters.

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“…The interaction between grazers and viruses is further complicated by the fact that the viruses of microzooplankton can lyse grazers (Garza & Suttle 1995), while grazers can consume viruses (Gonzalez & Suttle 1993, Miki & Jacquet 2008. Although many studies have documented strong relationships between biomass, growth and grazing (Juhl & Murrell 2005, PalomaresGarcía et al 2006, Putland & Iverson 2007, York et al 2010), other studies have indicated an uncoupling of these variables (Lehrter et al 1999, First et al 2007, Williams et al 2008, Ory et al 2010, Landry et al 2011). Grazing and/or viral lysis can exhibit patterns different from those of growth, over time or across space, resulting in an uncoupling of the processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazing and viral lysis vary for different components of the microbial community across an estuarine gradient

Ortmann¹,

Metzger²,

Liefer³

et al. 2011

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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The balance between grazing and viral lysis of both photosynthetic and heterotrophic microbes determines the food resources that are available, and how much of each resource is present, for higher trophic levels. Mobile Bay is the fourth largest estuary in the USA, based on river discharge, and is home to a variety of nursery habitats for larvae and juveniles of economically important species which depend for their food on production of organisms of microbial size. To characterize the patterns of growth and removal rates of this fraction of organisms in Mobile Bay, we carried out modified dilution experiments in summer and winter at 3 stations along a salinity and nutrient gradient. Rates of growth, grazing and viral lysis for prokaryotes and dominant phytoplankton (cyanobacteria, diatoms and dinoflagellates) were determined for each experiment. Grazing and viral lysis of prokaryotes did not appear to be related to season or location, and both processes were detected within the bay as well as on the shelf. For phytoplankton, grazing was the dominant removal process inshore in the summer, while viral lysis of phytoplankton was detected in the fall and in winter. In winter, an apparent increase in dinoflagellates, and in the overall biomass of phytoplankton, was concurrent with increased viral lysis, suggesting that recycling by viruses may be an important source of nutrients in coastal waters.KEY WORDS: Grazing · Viral-mediated mortality · Phytoplankton · Prokaryotes · Estuarine · Microbial food web Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherAquat Microb Ecol 65: [143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157] 2011 Landry et al. 1995) for several years in a range of environments. In many instances, growth and grazing appear to be nearly balanced (Juhl & Murrell 2005, Palomares-García et al. 2006, Putland & Iverson 2007, Paterson et al. 2008, suggesting a strong top-down control of phytoplankton abundance. Viral lysis has been measured in fewer systems, but in many studies, lysis also appears to be a factor controlling the abundance of prokaryotes (Wilhelm et al. 2002, Boras et al. 2009, Karuza et al. 2010) and, in a few instances, phytoplankton (Baudoux et al. 2006(Baudoux et al. , 2008. There are fewer studies in which both grazing and viral lysis have been measured, but often grazing appears to be the dominant process in controlling host abundances (Guixa-Boixereu et al. 1999, Pedrós-Alió et al. 2000, Evans et al. 2003, Kimmance et al. 2007, Baudoux et al. 2008. It has been suggested that, as grazing is less specific and occurs at higher rates, grazing controls the abundance of prey while viral lysis -being a species-or strain-specific interaction -controls community diversity (Weinbauer 2004, Longnecker et al. 2010.When both grazing and viral lysis have been estimated, it is often observed that grazing increases both host productivity and viral lysis, with the grazers and viruses acting synergistically and producing results that are no...

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Microzooplankton Grazing in Green Water—Results from Two Contrasting Estuaries

Abstract: We measured seasonal variations in microzooplankton grazing in Long Island Sound (LIS) and San Francisco Bay (SFB). There was consistent evidence of nutrient limitation in LIS, but not SFB. We found higher chlorophyll a concentrations in LIS compared with SFB.

Cited by 24 publications

References 45 publications

Phytoplankton pigment specific growth and losses due to microzooplankton grazing in a northern Gulf of Mexico estuary during winter/fall

Phytoplankton pigment specific growth and losses due to microzooplankton grazing in a northern Gulf of Mexico estuary during winter/fall

Temporal variation of phytoplankton growth and grazing loss in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia

Grazing and viral lysis vary for different components of the microbial community across an estuarine gradient

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