Mid-frequency hearing loss and reduction of acoustic startle responding in rats following trichloroethylene exposure

Jaspers, Rob M.A.; Muijser, Hans; Lammers, J.H.C.M.; Kulig, B.M.

doi:10.1016/0892-0362(93)90058-v

Cited by 43 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…As shown in Figures 3 and 4, no signs of synergistic or additive interactions were found in the 90-day subchronic exposures to 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 500 ppm toluene. This supports the fi ndings from other studies on toluene ototoxicity in rats, where hearing impairment occurred when a certain threshold of toluene exposure was exceeded [4,7,15,23,29,31]. However, contrary to what may have been expected, the exposure to 500 ppm toluene and noise was followed by the same changes in hearing thresholds and CDP loss as the exposure to noise only, while exposure to 100 ppm and 200 ppm toluene and noise was followed by a slightly lower decrease in auditory sensitivity than the exposure to noise alone.…”

Section: Statisticssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The possible ototoxic effect of toluene was fi rst reported in rats by Pryor et al [1], and subsequent studies demonstrated hearing loss in rats after exposure to toluene [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], styrene [8,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18], xylene [8,9,12], ethyl benzene [19,20], trichloroethylene [8,9,[21][22][23][24], chlorobenzene [9], and n-heptane [25]. The ototoxic potency of the different solvents varies signifi cantly [9,14,26], but when rats were exposed to different combinations of organic solvents, the auditory impairment was additive with respect to the potency of the solvents under study [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ototoxic potency of the different solvents varies signifi cantly [9,14,26], but when rats were exposed to different combinations of organic solvents, the auditory impairment was additive with respect to the potency of the solvents under study [9]. In rats, the general auditory impairment from exposure to organic solvents is a mid-frequency hearing loss at 8-20 kHz following outer hair cell (OHC) loss in the middle and basal turns of the cochlea [3,6,8,10,11,13,23,27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a certain threshold level of toluene exposure has to be exceeded, before even a prolonged exposure can induce the signs of ototoxicity [4,7,23,29], and corresponding to the threshold concentration in exposure, there seems to be a threshold concentration of toluene in blood of 40-60 μg/ml, before any auditory impairment is evident. It further seems to be toluene itself rather than its metabolites that is responsible for OHC loss [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hazards to Hearing from Combined Exposure to Toluene and Noise in Rats

Lund

Kristiansen²

2008

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Introduction:The main risk of hearing impairment from workplace exposure to organic solvents may stem from the potentiation of effects caused by concomitant noise exposure. The aim of the present study was to identify the main hazards from combined long-term, low-level exposure to noise and aromatic organic solvents, like toluene, in rats. Material and Methods: The rats were exposed to steady-state, wide-band noise (WBN) and 0 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm and 500 ppm toluene for 90 days. Hearing was assessed using Auditory Brain Stem Responses (ABR) and Distortion Product Oto-Acoustic Emissions (DPOAE) eight weeks after exposure. The impact of noise composition on the interaction between solvent and noise exposure was investigated in rats exposed for 10 days either to 0 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm or 1500 ppm toluene and either WBN or impulse noise. ABR and DPOAE tests were performed before and two weeks after exposure. Results: Long-term exposure of rats to WBN and toluene at 500 ppm or less did not show any increase in hearing impairment, compared to the rats exposed to noise only. Synergistic interaction was demonstrated in short-term exposure to 1500 ppm toluene and both to WBN and impulse noise, but hearing impairment was much larger when following exposure to impulse noise. Conclusion: In combined exposure to low-levels of noise and toluene, even a long-term exposure did not reveal a potential hazard of hearing impairment. Synergistic interaction in combined short-term exposure to toluene and noise was noted both with respect to WBN and impulse noise, but the impulse noise was much more disruptive than WBN at the same level of noise exposure. The ototoxicity of organic solvents may primarily be a hazard also to human hearing due to the exacerbation of hearing loss by a possible co-exposure to especially harmful noise, such as impulse noise.

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Section: Statisticssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hazards to Hearing from Combined Exposure to Toluene and Noise in Rats

Lund

Kristiansen²

2008

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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“…By adapting the technique using the eye-blink response rather than the whole-body startle response, the technique can also be applied in human studies (45). Reflex audiometry has been applied to evaluating the ototoxic properties of a number of drugs and chemicals including ototoxic antibiotics (46), trimethyltin (47), and trichloroethylene (48). One of the disadvantages of reflex audiometry is the relatively long testing sessions that are required to obtain a full audiometric function across a wide range of frequencies.…”

Section: Evaluating Sensory Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Neurotoxicity Assessment

Kulig¹

1996

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Evaluation of olfactory and auditory system effects of the antihyperthyroid drug carbimazole in the Long-Evans rat

Genter

1998

J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol.

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Carbimazole (2‐carbethoxythio‐1‐methylimidazole) is a thiocarbamide drug used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism in humans. Side effects associated with carbimazole treatment are reported to include impaired taste, impaired olfaction, and hearing loss. The structurally similar antihyperthyroid drug methimazole (1‐methyl‐2‐mercaptoimidazole), also reportedly associated with impaired taste and olfaction in humans, has recently been demonstrated by this laboratory to be an olfactory toxicant by both the oral and intraperitoneal routes of exposure in rodents. A systematic evaluation of sensory system effects of these compounds, either in rodents or humans, is not available in the literature. Male Long‐Evans rats were used to evaluate the auditory and olfactory toxicity of carbimazole by two routes of exposure. Histopathological evaluation of nasal cavities from rats administered carbimazole via i.p. and oral routes revealed olfactory mucosal damage and early evidence of repair; a no‐observed effect level (NOEL) of 100 mg/kg was observed for orally administered carbimazole. Further, these studies demonstrate evidence for the generation of the olfactory toxic metabolites of carbimazole by the olfactory mucosa itself, as incubation of carbimazole with an olfactory S9 preparation resulted in NADPH‐dependent degradation of carbimazole. Evaluation of the auditory startle response in carbimazole‐treated rats revealed no deficits, demonstrating that carbimazole does not cause a global loss of hearing in rats. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Toxicol 12: 305–314, 1998

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Mid-frequency hearing loss and reduction of acoustic startle responding in rats following trichloroethylene exposure

Cited by 43 publications

References 25 publications

Hazards to Hearing from Combined Exposure to Toluene and Noise in Rats

Hazards to Hearing from Combined Exposure to Toluene and Noise in Rats

Comprehensive Neurotoxicity Assessment

Evaluation of olfactory and auditory system effects of the antihyperthyroid drug carbimazole in the Long-Evans rat

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