Mid-Holocene sedimentation and landscape evolution in the western Great Rann of Kachchh, India

Tyagi, Anil K.; Shukla, A. D.; Bhushan, Ravi; Thakker, P. S.; Thakkar, M. G.; Juyal, Navin

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.01.018

Cited by 59 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…This is supported by the observations of Brückner (1987) who demarcated a maximum Holocene transgression between 2200 and 2600 BP along the west coast of India. A marginally high sea around this time has also been reported from various other environs along the Indian coast (Achyuthan and Baker, 2002;Mathur et al, 2004;Farooqui and Naidu, 2010;Tyagi et al, 2012). In the adjacent Mahi river estuary (to the north of the study area), transgressions with minor intervening regressions have been reported between 3600 and 1700 BP (3772e4061 and 1552e1689 cal BP) (Kusumgar et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Late Holocene flooding history of a tropical river in western India in response to southwest monsoon fluctuations: A multi proxy study from lower Narmada valley

Sridhar

Laskar

Prasad³

et al. 2015

Quaternary International

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Late Holocene flooding history of a tropical river in western India in response to southwest monsoon fluctuations: A multi proxy study from lower Narmada valley

Sridhar

Laskar

Prasad³

et al. 2015

Quaternary International

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“…() and Tyagi et al . (). Accounts of an inundated tidal‐flat‐like environment are also recorded in historical maps and texts (Frere, ; Sivewright, ; Rajendran and Rajendran, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It is also plausible that during the Harappan time the Rann surface was periodically inundated by seawater and a mangrove ecosystem grew nearby that supported the growth of T. palustris. The palaeosea level cannot be determined accurately at GRK, but qualitative evidence of a sea level marginally higher than at present in the GRK at~5000 years BP has been provided by Chamyal et al (2003) and Tyagi et al (2012). Accounts of an inundated tidalflat-like environment are also recorded in historical maps and texts (Frere, 1870;Sivewright, 1907;Rajendran and Rajendran, 2001).…”

Section: Carbon Isotope Productivity Mangroves and Rivers Around Dhmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Provenance analysis (trace element and Sr-Nd isotope) of bedload sediments along the palaeochannels in the GRK suggests that sub-Himalayan sediments were supplied to the GRK possibly through channels of the Ghaggar, Hakra, and the Nara rivers which were still active until 3000 years BP Chatterjee and Ray, 2017;Khonde et al, 2017). Likewise, the illite record from suspended sediments also indicates continued sediment supply until~3000 years BP either through the Indus (via longshore transport through Kori creek) or its distributaries (Rao and Rao, 1995;Tyagi et al, 2012). Historical evidence and environmental proxies from sediments of the Nara riverbed also indicate the existence of a moderately active channel during the mid-Holocene (Burnes, 1835;Ngangom et al, 2017).…”

Section: Carbon Isotope Productivity Mangroves and Rivers Around Dhmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Did the Harappan settlement of Dholavira (India) collapse during the onset of Meghalayan stage drought?

Sengupta

Mukherjee

Bhushan

et al. 2019

J Quaternary Science

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Radiocarbon dating of archaeological carbonates from seven cultural stages of Dholavira, Great Rann of Kachchh (GRK), the largest excavated Harappan settlement in India, suggests the beginning of occupation at ~5500 years BP (pre‐Harappan), and continuation until ~3800 years BP (early part of the Late Harappan period). The settlement rapidly expanded under favourable monsoonal climate conditions when architectural elements such as the Citadel, Bailey, Lower and Middle Town were added between the Early and mid‐Mature Harappan periods. Abundant local mangroves grew around the GRK sustaining prolific populations of the edible gastropod Terebralia palustris. Oxygen isotope (δ18O) sclerochronology of Early Harappan gastropod shell suggests seasonal mixing of some depleted (δ18O ~ −12‰) river water in summer/monsoon months (through ancient Saraswati and/or Indus distributary channels) with seawater that periodically inundated the GRK. Evaporation from this semi‐enclosed water body during the non‐monsoon months enriched the δ18O of water/shell carbonates. The humid fluvial landscape possibly changed due to a catastrophic drought driving the final collapse of the settlement of Dholavira exactly at the onset of the Meghalayan (Late Holocene) stage (~4300–4100 years BP). Indeed, Dholavira presents a classic case for understanding how climate change can increase future drought risk as predicted by the IPCC working group. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…The offshore/subtidal sediments are mostly derived from the Indus and Kachchh Mainland provenance 16 , 25 – 27 . The sediments routed from the offshore/subtidal environments are expected to be rich in Zr and Cr 20 , 21 along with Sr and sometimes TiO 2 16 , 25 , 27 . This is due to the Kachchh Mainland provenance being rich in Deccan Trap sourced elements i.e.…”

Section: Chronology and Provenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Geological evidence for AD 1008 tsunami along the Kachchh coast, Western India: Implications for hazard along the Makran Subduction Zone

Prizomwala

Gandhi

Bhatt

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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The 2004 Sumatra-Andaman tsunami emphasized the catastrophic nature of such disasters and exposed our knowledge gap of the historical and palaeo events. In the aftermath of this deadly event, the thrust in palaeotsunami studies was restricted to areas in the Indian Ocean, affected by this tsunami. The northern Arabian Sea, which hosts a similar tsunamigenic source i.e. the Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ), has so far remained ‘Terra-Incognita’. Here, for the first time, we report geological evidence of the 1008 AD tsunami, also mentioned as ‘an enigma’ in the historical reports, by identifying a >250 km long sand sheet with a landward extent of more than 250 m from the Indian coastline. Detailed sedimentology and geochemistry reveals an offshore origin of this sand sheet, from where it was eroded by a high energy wave and deposited in a supratidal environment. Optical and AMS 14C chronology constrains its age of deposition around 1000 AD. The shear size of the sand sheet, laterally and across the coast, along with grain size, a characteristically different provenance, are some of the major indicators, which can be useful in palaeotsunami/palaeostorm deposit distinction. Our report of the AD 1008 event from the Indian coastline, also supports the claim that the Western MSZ, albeit at longer intervals, has experienced major thrust earthquakes (Mw > 8) in the historical past. The proximity of this sand sheet to the shoreline does not discount the role of extremely unlikely, large storms as its causal mechanism.

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Mid-Holocene sedimentation and landscape evolution in the western Great Rann of Kachchh, India

Cited by 59 publications

References 43 publications

Late Holocene flooding history of a tropical river in western India in response to southwest monsoon fluctuations: A multi proxy study from lower Narmada valley

Late Holocene flooding history of a tropical river in western India in response to southwest monsoon fluctuations: A multi proxy study from lower Narmada valley

Did the Harappan settlement of Dholavira (India) collapse during the onset of Meghalayan stage drought?

Geological evidence for AD 1008 tsunami along the Kachchh coast, Western India: Implications for hazard along the Makran Subduction Zone

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