Mid-infrared multi-mode absorption spectroscopy using interband cascade lasers for multi-species sensing

Northern, J. H.; O’Hagan, S.; Fletcher, Ben; Gras, B.; Ewart, Paul; Kim, C S; Kim, M; Merritt, Charles D.; Bewley, W. W.; Canedy, C. L.; Abell, J.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.

doi:10.1364/ol.40.004186

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Extension to the important mid-IR range between 3 and 4 μm was demonstrated using a difference frequency generation, DFG, system based on the Er:Yb:glass microlaser for the simultaneous detection of CH 4 and NH 3 [23]. More recently, MUMAS using a new generation of interband cascade lasers, ICLs, at 3.6 μm was demonstrated for simultaneous detection of CH 4 , C 2 H 2 and H 2 CO in a mixture [24]. This previous work, and that reported in the present paper, used an ICL with a relatively narrow inter-mode interval of approximately 10 GHz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, a more extensive study is presented of the multi-species detection by MUMAS using an ICL that was reported previously [24]. New data and additional information are provided as follows, (a) Measurement of the individual mode linewidths, which ultimately determine the spectral resolution, using MUMAS of isolated lines in the spectrum of HCl, is reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-species sensing using multi-mode absorption spectroscopy with mid-infrared interband cascade lasers

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-species sensing using multi-mode absorption spectroscopy with mid-infrared interband cascade lasers

et al. 2016

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“…Previous MUMAS experiments have used mode envelopes that could be modelled with reasonable accuracy by a simple analytical function [18,19,22]. In these cases, the laser provided a smooth and symmetric mode envelope or the output was modified by transmission through an interference filter which also provided a more regular spectral profile.…”

Section: Measurement Of Mode Envelope �ν Bandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In practice, the most critical parameter for accurate modelling is the inter-mode spacing, �ν mode , and it is most accurately determined from fits of model signatures to MUMAS data of a known species recorded under known conditions of concentration, temperature and pressure [22,23]. In the present work, �ν mode was determined from fits to MUMAS signatures of NO recorded at low pressure, 2.79 mbar, to maximise spectral resolution.…”

Section: Measurement Of Inter-mode Spacing �ν Modementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, applications that do not require the ultimate in detection sensitivity, such as in chemical reaction or industrial process monitoring or where target species are present in concentrations in the range of 10 ppmv or above, can benefit from the multi-species sensing capability and rapid response time available from MUMAS. Multi-species detection by MUMAS has been demonstrated in the near-and mid-infrared using a custom-built Er/Yb/glass microlaser at 1.5 μm, difference frequency generation, DFG, and, more recently, an interband cascade laser, ICL, in the 3-4 μm range [19][20][21][22][23]. Detected species in mixtures include, CO, CO 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 2 , H 2 CO, NH 3 , N 2 O and H 2 O.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-mode absorption spectroscopy using a quantum cascade laser for simultaneous detection of NO and H2O

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cascade lasers, QCLs. The high resolution available using single-mode devices provides high sensitivity with minimum detection limits in the range of ppbv in some applications. The limited range of mode-hop-free, MHF, tuning of most single-mode lasers, however, often restricts TDLAS methods to detection of a single species unless, fortuitously, two species have transitions lying within the MHF range. Detection of more than one species using TDLAS usually involves multiplexing several lasers and detector systems [4]. Widely tunable external cavity diode lasers, emitting narrow line or single-mode outputs, have recently been demonstrated in the 4-10 μm mid-infrared range based on quantum cascade devices but the relatively slow tuning rates limit application in rapidly changing environments [5]. A variety of broadband spectroscopy methods have been developed that allow detection of multiple species over a wide spectral range but not all are available in the mid-IR. These include use of multi-section diodes, broadband or wavelength agile light sources and correlation spectroscopic methods [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The wide bandwidth "frequency combs" available from mode-locked lasers has been exploited for broadband spectroscopy but usually involve complex laser systems and high resolution dispersion optics [13,14]. Extension of comb-based spectroscopy to the mid-infrared beyond 4 μm is becoming possible with the development of frequency combs based on QCL devices. A comb of width 100 cm −1 has recently been demonstrated at 7 μm [15]. Heterodyne methods, with potential for multi-species sensing, have also been demonstrated to allow detection in the RF region at the cost of some additional complexity and restriction in width of the spectrum covered [16].The technique of multi-mode absorption spectroscopy, MUMAS, addresses some of the limitations of TDLAS, specifically by providing wide spectral coverage whilst Abstract Detection of multiple transitions in NO and H 2 O using multi-mode absorption spectroscopy, MUMAS, with a quantum cascade laser, QCL, operating at 5.3 μm at scan rates up to 10 kHz is reported. The linewidth of longitudinal modes of the QCL is derived from pressure-dependent fits to experimental MUMAS data. Variations in the spectral structure of the broadband, multi-mode, output of the commercially available QCL employed are analysed to provide accurate fits of modelled MUMAS signatures to the experimental data.

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Multimode Absorption Spectroscopy for Multispecies Trace Gas Sensing

Ewart

2019

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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The technique of multimode absorption spectroscopy (MUMAS) is reviewed in the context of laser‐based methods for gas sensing of multiple species. The principles and practical implementation of the method are outlined with examples of applications using lasers with outputs in spectral ranges from the visible to the mid‐infrared, including interband cascade lasers (ICLs) and quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). The advantages and limitations of MUMAS are considered relative to other laser‐based methods, and potential future developments and applications are suggested.

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Mid-infrared multi-mode absorption spectroscopy using interband cascade lasers for multi-species sensing

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

Multi-species sensing using multi-mode absorption spectroscopy with mid-infrared interband cascade lasers

Multi-species sensing using multi-mode absorption spectroscopy with mid-infrared interband cascade lasers

Multi-mode absorption spectroscopy using a quantum cascade laser for simultaneous detection of NO and H2O

Multimode Absorption Spectroscopy for Multispecies Trace Gas Sensing

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