Mid-infrared polarization spectroscopy of polyatomic molecules: Detection of nascent CO2 and H2O in atmospheric pressure flames

Li, Zhongshan; Rupiński, M.; Zetterberg, Johan; Alwahabi, Zeyad T.; Aldén, Marcus

doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2005.03.102

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Li et al conducted the first flame experiments in this spectral region by detecting nascent CO 2 and H 2 O at atmospheric pressure [244]. Further work on OH and H 2 O at high pressure investigated the problem of interferences from these species when detecting minor species in this region of the infra-red spectrum [245].…”

Section: Molecular Physics Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser diagnostics and minor species detection in combustion using resonant four-wave mixing

Kiefer

Ewart

2011

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

131

112

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Laser-based methods have transformed combustion diagnostics in the past few decades. The high intensity, coherence, high spectral resolution and frequency tunability available from laser radiation has provided powerful tools for studying microscopic processes and macroscopic phenomena in combustion by linear and nonlinear optical processes. This review focuses on nonlinear optical techniques based on resonant four-wave mixing for non-intrusive measurements of minor species in combustion. The importance of minor species such as reaction intermediates is outlined together with the challenges they present for detection and measurement in the hostile environments of flames, technical combustors, and engines. The limitations of conventional optical methods for such measurements are described and the particular advantages of coherent methods using nonlinear optical techniques are discussed.The basic physics underlying four-wave wave mixing processes and theoretical models for signal calculation are then presented together with a discussion of how combustion parameters may be derived from analysis of signals generated in various four-wave mixing processes. The most important four-wave mixing processes, in this context, are then reviewed:Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing (DFWM), Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS), Laser Induced Grating Spectroscopy (LIGS) and Polarization Spectroscopy (PS). In each case the fundamental physics is outlined to explain the particular properties and diagnostic advantages of each technique. The application of the methods mentioned to molecular physics studies of combustion species is then reviewed along with their application in measurement of concentration, temperature and other combustion parameters. Related nonlinear techniques and recent extensions to the ultra-fast regime are briefly reviewed. Finally practical considerations relevant to multi-dimensional and multi-species measurements, as well as applications in technical combustion systems are discussed.Keywords: nonlinear optical spectroscopy, four-wave mixing, combustion diagnostics, minor species detection, laser-induced gratings, polarization spectroscopy IntroductionEnergy from renewable sources such as solar and wind power is the goal of much current research and technological development. Combustion, however, is and is likely to remain for the foreseeable future, the most important energy source for heat, electrical power and especially for transportation. In technical combustion systems the chemical energy of fossil fuels such as coal, crude oil and natural gas is converted into heat through oxidation with oxygen from air. However, fossil fuel resources are limited and alternatives like biofuels [1] or novel technologies such as fuel cells [2] are not yet able to meet the demand. Consequently, for a sustainable use of fossil fuels it is desirable to further improve the efficiency, maintainability and reliability of existing combustion devices. Achieving such improvements depends upon an improved understanding of t...

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Section: Molecular Physics Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser diagnostics and minor species detection in combustion using resonant four-wave mixing

Kiefer

Ewart

2011

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

131

112

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“…The line width of final IR laser output was measured to be 0.025 cm −1 using an excitation scan of IR LIF of CO 2 under low pressure. [24] The IR laser was traced by a He-Ne laser beam to facilitate the following optical alignment. After passing through two apertures, the IR beam was split into wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jrs four symmetrically distributed parallel beams with nearly equal energy by a beam splitter (BP) plate assembly (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame temperature diagnostics with water lines using mid‐infrared degenerate four‐wave mixing

Sun

et al. 2011

J Raman Spectroscopy

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The feasibility of using degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) for hot gas thermometry in the mid-infrared spectral region is, for the first time, demonstrated by probing molecular ro-vibrational transitions of water. DFWM spectra of hot water were recorded in specially designed flames, providing a series of temperatures varying from 1000 to 1900 K and, the dramatic spectral structure variations were used as temperature indicator. The intensity ratios between two hot water line groups at around 3231 cm −1 were especially studied and composed into a calibration table for flame temperature measurement using DFWM spectra. The saturation properties of different lines were also studied by recording the line intensity ratios as a function of laser power, and the results indicated that saturated excitation was in favor of reliable temperature measurements. As validation, infrared DFWM spectra in an ϕ = 1.52 flat premixed methane/air flame were recorded, and a good temperature value was obtained. Moreover, the recently released HITEMP2010 database as well as its previous version HITEMP2000 were adopted to simulate the hot water spectra and to analyze the line intensity ratios.

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“…For richer flames N 2 was decreased in relation to O 2 to prevent blow-off. The flame conditions investigated in this paper are targeted for further study by other measurement techniques such as infra-red polarization spectroscopy [23] for modelling purposes and the temperature measurements are crucial for the wider efforts to characterize these flames. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature imaging in low-pressure flames using diode laser two-line atomic fluorescence employing a novel indium seeding technique

et al. 2016

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/55227/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the AbstractThe use of diode lasers for spatially resolved temperature imaging is demonstrated in low pressure premixed methane-air flames using two-line atomic fluorescence of seeded indium atoms. This work features the advantages of using compact diode lasers as the excitation sources with the benefits of two-dimensional planar imaging, which is normally only performed with high-power pulsed lasers. A versatile and reliable seeding technique with minimal impact on flame properties is used to introduce indium atoms into the combustion environment for a wide range of flame equivalence ratios. A spatial resolution of around 210 µm for this calibration free thermometry technique is achieved for three equivalence ratios at a pressure of 50 mbar in a laminar flat flame.

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Mid-infrared polarization spectroscopy of polyatomic molecules: Detection of nascent CO2 and H2O in atmospheric pressure flames

Cited by 36 publications

References 16 publications

Laser diagnostics and minor species detection in combustion using resonant four-wave mixing

Laser diagnostics and minor species detection in combustion using resonant four-wave mixing

Flame temperature diagnostics with water lines using mid‐infrared degenerate four‐wave mixing

Temperature imaging in low-pressure flames using diode laser two-line atomic fluorescence employing a novel indium seeding technique

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