2006
DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.001094
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Mid-infrared single-photon counting

Abstract: We report a procedure to detect mid-infrared single photons at 4.65 m by means of a two-stage scheme based on sum-frequency generation, by using a periodically poled lithium niobate nonlinear crystal and a silicon avalanche photodiode. An experimental investigation shows that, in addition to a high timing resolution, this technique yields a detection sensitivity of 1.24 pW with 63 mW of net pump power.

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Cited by 56 publications
(26 citation statements)
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“…A measured QE of 20% has been achieved, due to the high circulating power within the cavity resulting from the low-loss cavity design27. This is at least three orders of magnitude higher than the one reported in similar up-conversion schemes28.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 84%
“…A measured QE of 20% has been achieved, due to the high circulating power within the cavity resulting from the low-loss cavity design27. This is at least three orders of magnitude higher than the one reported in similar up-conversion schemes28.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 84%
“…The efficiency of the SFG-based UCD of 8.2% exceeds the reported conversion efficiency of 5x10 -3 % of a comparable up-conversion detection scheme, using bulk optical crystals [2], by nearly three orders of magnitude. A noise equivalent power NEP = 0.3 pW/Hz 1/2 is measured using 1 Watt of external pump power and a commercial InGaAs PIN photo detector with an active area of 100 µm diameter.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 63%
“…On the other hand, DFG and especially Sum-Frequency Generation (SFG) can also be used to realize hybrid up-conversion detectors (UCD), which convert MIR radiation to a shorter wavelength in the near-infrared (NIR) or even visible [2,3]. We demonstrate the realization of waveguide-based UCDs for the MIR range, which offer superior nonlinear conversion efficiencies when compared to bulk-optical devices of similar dimensions.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In MIR experiments, thermal photons may significantly interfere with measurements due to blackbody radiation, as governed by Bose-Einstein statistics [4]. Furthermore, changes in air conditions in the inspection environment can alter a measured spectrum because constituent molecular species such as N 2 , O 2 , CO 2 , and H 2 O are IR active.…”
Section: Primary Ftir Physics and Instrumentationmentioning
confidence: 99%