“…This class of real-time measurement systems has been exceptionally successful in capturing single-shot phenomena such as optical rogue waves 41 , relativistic electron dynamics [42][43][44] , chemical transients in combustion 45 , shock waves 46 , internal dynamics of soliton molecules 47 , birth of laser mode-locking 48 , and single-shot spectroscopy of chemical bonds 49,50 . They have also evolved into high throughput microscopy 51 of biological cells 52 , labelfree classification of cells [53][54][55] , gyroscopes 56 , mid-infrared spectroscopy 57 , and many other applications [58][59][60][61][62][63] . This paper shows the efficacy of the modulator in canceling the dispersion penalty in optical fibers with emphasis on time-stretch systems.…”