Mid-IR laser for high-precision surgery

Serebryakov, V. S.; Boiko, Ernest V.; Kalintsev, A. G.; Kornev, A. F.; Narivonchik, A. S.; Pavlova, A. L.

doi:10.1364/jot.82.000781

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…After the discoveries related to deterministic chaos for several semiconductor lasers in the 80ies and the 90ies [68][69][70][71], it was relevant to extend these notions to QCLs because their emission wavelengths in the mid-IR make them useful for several applications [72][73][74] which cannot be addressed with near-infrared and visible-light semiconductor lasers. However, QCLs do not exhibit relaxation oscillations [75] and they are renown for their low α-factor compared to other semiconductor lasers [76,77] which, overall, brings stability to QCLs subject to external perturbations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of recent results of mid-infrared quantum cascade photonic devices operating under external optical control

Spitz¹,

Grillot²

2022

J. Phys. Photonics

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The purpose of this article is to gather recent findings about the non-linear dynamics of distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers, with a view on practical applications in a near future. As opposed to other semiconductor lasers, usually emitting in the visible or the near-infrared region, quantum cascade laser technology takes advantage of intersubband transitions and quantum engineering to emit in the mid-infrared and far-infrared domain. This peculiarity and its physical consequences were long considered as a detrimental characteristic to generate non-linear dynamics under external optical control. However, we show that a wide diversity of phenomena, from high-dimensional chaos to giant pulses can be observed when the quantum cascade laser is under external optical feedback or under optical injection and with a continuous current bias. Most of these phenomena have already been observed in other semiconductor lasers under optical feedback or under optical injection, which allows us comparing quantum cascade lasers with their interband counterparts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of recent results of mid-infrared quantum cascade photonic devices operating under external optical control

Spitz¹,

Grillot²

2022

J. Phys. Photonics

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“… 2 – 4 Due to the strong MIR light absorption in tissue, substantial heating of small areas is achieved, which enables low collateral thermal damage and very precise excision of biological tissue. MIR also has a relatively shallow absorption depth of 10 to

5 compared to near-IR lasers currently used in laser surgeries, which penetrate the tissue at 2000 to

. 6 Thus, MIR lasers are not well suited to bulk tumor treatment, but may provide precision ablation after resection of the majority of the tumor by ablating to a shallow absorption depth in remaining tumor beds surrounding sensitive anatomic sites, such as around nerves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, researchers investigating MIR lasers for surgical applications have used bulky light sources such as free electron lasers; nonlinear light generators, such as chalcogenide crystal-based lasers; and

lasers. 5 , 10 , 11 These lasers are typically housed either in separate rooms (such as the basement of the hospital building where the operating room is located) or in large containments within the surgical room for safety reasons. The laser radiation from these other rooms or containments is brought to the surgical bed using optical fibers that experience bending and transmission losses and as a result may not provide the freedom of motion that is necessary in a surgical situation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-infrared absorption by soft tissue sarcoma and cell ablation utilizing a mid-infrared interband cascade laser

et al. 2021

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. Significance: Mid-infrared (MIR) light refers to wavelengths ranging from 3 to and is the most attractive spectral region for ablation of soft and hard tissues. This is because building blocks of biological tissue, such as water, proteins, and lipids, exhibit molecular vibrational modes in the MIR wavelengths that result in strong MIR light absorption. To date, researchers investigating MIR lasers for surgical applications have used bulky light sources, such as free electron lasers, nonlinear light generators, and carbon dioxide lasers. We demonstrate the use of a tiny (a few microns wide, a few millimeters long) MIR interband cascade laser (ICL) for surgical thermal ablation applications. Aim: Our goal is to demonstrate the use of an ICL for surgical thermal ablation and demonstrate its efficacy in ablating normal fibroblasts and primary undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma tumor cells (C1619). Approach: We conducted Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of healthy and cancerous tissue samples, which indicated that the absorption of tumor tissue is higher than healthy tissue around wavelength. These results enabled us to select an ICL emission wavelength, , of to probe normal fibroblast and primary undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma cell survival after ICL exposure. Results: We show that the absorption of tumorous tissue is higher than that of healthy tissues around the MIR wavelength. We demonstrate that the ICL is able to ablate cancer cells at very low-power levels that can be clinically implemented but that this effect does not appear to be specific to C1619 when compared to normal fibroblasts. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that ICLs may represent an exciting new avenue toward precise laser-based thermal ablation.

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“…Lasers emitting at 2-3 µm enhance a wide variety of applications because of their relatively high absorption coefficients and the interesting atmospheric window at this spectral range. They are used in LIDAR; microsurgery [1]; the processing of polymers, semiconductors, and metals [2]; defense applications; and gas sensing industries [3]. However, SWIR solid-state laser technology, especially in the region of 2-3 µm, has yet to be fully mature, currently relying on a limited range of doped-crystalline and rare-earth ions, such as thulium, holmium, and chromium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Electro-Optic, Actively Q-Switched Tm:YAP/KGW External-Cavity Raman Laser at 2273 nm and 2344 nm

et al. 2021

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This paper presents a KGW Raman laser with an external-cavity configuration in the 2 μm region. The Raman laser is pumped by unique, electro-optic, actively Q-switched Tm:Yap laser, emitting at 1935 nm. The electro-optic modulation is based on a KLTN crystal, enabling the use of a short crystal length, with a relatively low driving voltage. Due to the KGW bi-axial properties, the Raman laser is able to lase separately at two different output wavelengths, 2273 and 2344 nm. The output energies and pulse durations for these two lines are 0.42 mJ/pulse at 18.2 ns, and 0.416 mJ/pulse at 14.7 ns, respectively. This is the first implementation of a KGW crystal pumped by an electro-optic active Q-switched Tm:Yap laser in the SWIR spectral range.

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Mid-IR laser for high-precision surgery

Cited by 31 publications

References 18 publications

A review of recent results of mid-infrared quantum cascade photonic devices operating under external optical control

A review of recent results of mid-infrared quantum cascade photonic devices operating under external optical control

Mid-infrared absorption by soft tissue sarcoma and cell ablation utilizing a mid-infrared interband cascade laser

An Electro-Optic, Actively Q-Switched Tm:YAP/KGW External-Cavity Raman Laser at 2273 nm and 2344 nm

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